The Autocracy of Alexander II and Alexander III

Question 1

What was the reason for reaction

Answer 1

Reactionary conservatives emphasised that the reforms had gone too far and were sealing the church and nobility
Found assignations attempts on Alexander’s

Question 2

Who was the new education minister

Answer 2

Tolstoy

Question 3

What forms on education were implemented by Tolstoy

Answer 3

• Zemstvas powers over education were reduced
• Chruch regained its authority
• higher schools were ordered to follow a traditional classical curriculum
• in the unis more liberal courses were replaced by a traditional curriculum, censorship was tightened

Question 4

Who was the new head of the third section

Answer 4

Shuvalov

Question 5

What did Shuvalov increase

Answer 5

The persecution of ethnic and religious minorities
Searches and arrests increased political offenders could be prosecuted under emergency powers

Question 6

What was held I order to deterr others from revolutionary activity

Answer 6

Show trials

Question 7

What where the pressures in the late 1870s?

Answer 7

Attempt assassinations
Pressure from reactionary conservatives
Industrial recession
Famine

Question 8

How did Alexander II attempt to reduce unrest

Answer 8

By wondering demographic consultation appointing count Loris Melikov minister for internal affaires

Question 9

What did count Loris - Melikov do ?

Answer 9

Relaxed many redirections and a blushed the third section transferring its powers to the Okhraba

Question 10

When and what did Loris-Melikovs constitution recommend

Answer 10

Including elected representatives in debating some state decreed

Question 11

When did Alexander III reigned

Answer 11

1881

Question 12

What was AIII terrified of

Answer 12

Revolutionary activity

Question 13

Who was AIII influenced by

Answer 13

Pobedonostsev who believed in nationalisms and anti-semitism

Question 14

What did AIII do at the start of his reign ?

Answer 14

• publicly hanged the conspirators involved in his father’s assassination
• Abandoned Loris proposals
• accepted the resignations of reforming ministers

Question 15

Why was introduced in 1889 with the local government

Answer 15

‘Land captains’
- state appointed
- could override elections to the Zemstva
- responsible for law enforcement and government in the country side and could overturn court judgments

Question 16

What was introduced in the local government in 1890

Answer 16

Zemstvo election arrangements

• peasants voted reduced
• Zemstva placed under central government control

Question 17

What introduced in 1892 in local governments

Answer 17

Towns councils election arrangements altered

• electorate reduced to the owners of property above a certain value
• Mayor and town councils became state employees

Question 18

How did the police change under AIII

Answer 18

The number of police was increased
New branches of criminal investigation department were set up
Sipes and agents were Recruited

Question 19

What have the police an abundance of power

Answer 19

The 1882 statute state on police surveillance

Any area of the empire could be deemed as an area of subversion and police agents could search arrest detain or question anyone one who committed a crime

Question 20

How was the judicial system changed under AIII

Answer 20

• decrees if 1885, 1887 and 1888 have greater powers to the Minsitry of justice
• 1887 the property and educational qualifications needed by juror were raised
  -1889 the Volost courts were out under the direct jurisdiction of the land captain

Question 21

How was education changed under AIII

Answer 21

• uni for women was closed
• separate uni chiefs closed
• low class children were restricted to primary education
• only 21% if the population was literate by 1890
• The government failed to prevent student involvement in illegal political movement’s

Question 22

What was the impact of counter reform

Answer 22

May 1881 redemption fees were reduced and arrears were cancelled in the central provinces
May 1885 Poll tax was abolished
1883 peasants land banks established