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Germany 2 The Birth of Democratic Germany > The Attempt to Achieve Unity through Democracy > Flashcards

The Attempt to Achieve Unity through Democracy Flashcards

1
Q

How did Germans view the new government?

A

Illegitimate

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2
Q

In the Reichstag, which parties represented those who were opposed to the new democratic system.

A

DNVP and DVP

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3
Q

Who did the DVP represent?

A

Industrialists and upper middle class

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4
Q

What did the members of the DVP believe>?

A

That a new Germany had to be based on a strong economy and free from trade union interference

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5
Q

What did the DNVP believe?

A

They saw Weimar as an aberration, believing Germany was not suited to a Republic. They also peddled the ‘stab in the back myth’ that Jews and socialists had been responsible for Germany’s defeat in the war.

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6
Q

In the January 1919 election how many votes did the DNVP gain?

A

10.3%

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7
Q

Why was Germany suffering from severe economic problems after the war?

A

They had financed the war through war bonds and by printing money believing that they could be paid off from reparation charged to the defeated enemies after the war.

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8
Q

When was the Treaty of Versailles signed?

A

June 1919

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9
Q

Who resigned because of the Treaty of Versailles?

A

Philip Scheidemann - the first chancellor following the January 1919 elections

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10
Q

When did 2 SPD deputies sign the Treaty of Versailles?

A

28th June 1919

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11
Q

What % of German property was lost in the Treaty of Versailles?

A

13%

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12
Q

What % of the German population lost in the Treaty of Versailles?

A

12%

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13
Q

What % of Germany’s iron ore lost in the Treaty of Versailles?

A

48%

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14
Q

What % of Germany’s coal was lost in the Treaty of Versailles?

A

16%

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15
Q

What % of Germany’s agricultural prodution was lost in the Treaty of Versailles?

A

15%

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16
Q

What claus forced Germany to accept total guilt for the war?

A

231

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17
Q

How many people were allowed to be in the army after the Treaty of Versailles?

A

100,000

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18
Q

How many tanks and military aircraft were the German army allowed after the Treaty of Versailles?

A

0

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19
Q

How many battleships were the German army allowed to have after the war?

A

6

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20
Q

How many cruisers were the German navy allowed after WW1?

A

6

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21
Q

How many destroyers were the German navy allowed after WW1?

A

12

22
Q

How many torpedos were the navy allowed after WW1?

A

12

23
Q

How many submarines were the navy allowed after WW1?

A

0

24
Q

How many Germans died during WW1?

A

2 million

25
Q

How many German soldiers were wounded during the war?

A

6.3 million

26
Q

What was the estimated cost of the war for Germany?

A

£8,500m

27
Q

When did the allies fix the amount of reparations that Germany had to pay?

A

April 1921

28
Q

What did the allies fix the amount of reparations that Germany had to pay to?

A

132,000 million marks over the next 30 years

29
Q

What happened to the Rhine under the Treaty of Versailles?

A

It was demilitarised

30
Q

How long were the allies meant to occupy the Rhine for as part of the Treaty of Versailles?

A

15 years

31
Q

How many Germans were apart of the Polish population and why?

A

Over a million because Germany was cut into 2 to give Poland access to the sea.

32
Q

When did France and Belgium march into Germany to extend their territory

A

1921

33
Q

Who was the head of state in the new Weimar Germany?

A

The president

34
Q

How often was the president elected into power?

A

Every 7 years

35
Q

What powers did the president have in the new Weimar system?

A
  • Power to appoint/dismiss chancellor
  • Could dissolve the Reichstag
  • Command of the army
  • In an emergency could issue laws by decree and override constitutional rights of the German people
36
Q

Who did the government (chancellor and ministers) have to have the confidence of?

A

The Reichstag

37
Q

Who elected the Reichstag?

A

All Germans above the age of 20

38
Q

What were deputies elected on?

A

Proportional representation

39
Q

How often were there Reichstag elections?

A

Every 4 years

40
Q

How many representatives were there from how many states in the Reichsrat?

A

67 representatives of the 17 states

41
Q

What could the Reichsrat do?

A

Could give advice and reject new laws

42
Q

Who could override the Reichsrat?

A

The Reichstag

43
Q

How did the Federal System work in the new Weimar Germany?

A
  • The existing lander states were reorganised and reduced to 17
  • All state monarchs were replaced
  • The new state states were organised along similar lines to the national (federal) government
  • They ran the major services in their state e.g. education, police - but in an emergency the federal government could intervene in the states
44
Q

How many votes did a deputie need to gain a seat in the Reichstag?

A

60,000

45
Q

What were involved in the bill of rights?

A
  • Unemployment benefits
  • Sick pay
  • Freedom of trade unions
  • Freedom of assembly
  • Freedom of religion
  • Freedom of speech
46
Q

What was the Burden of the past in the new Weimar Germany?

A

Authoritarian tradition in Germany - President and article 48

47
Q

What was the new burden in Weimar Germany?

A

Versailles diktat and limited nature of 1918-1919 revolutions

48
Q

What were the 4 main starnds of the new constitutuion?

A
  1. Germany was to remain a federal state
  2. Germany to have a strong president elected every 7 years by the people
  3. National elections for the Reichstag conducted using proportional representation
  4. Rights of German people clearly laid out in the bill of rights
49
Q

What was democratic about the new Weimar constitution?

A
  • President elected by people every 7 years
  • President controlled the army - not individual states
  • Reichstag elected by all Germans over 20 using proportional representation every 4 years
  • Bill of rights
  • Reichsrat made up of representatives from the German states
  • People could take part in plebiscites and could force the government to hold a plebiscite (so they could make a decision about a piece of legislation)
50
Q

What were the problems with the proportional representation?

A
  • Any party winning 30,001 votes in a region gained a seat in the Reichstag which meant small extremist parties gained representation in the Reichstag
  • There were a large number of small parties, none with a majority, which led to coalition governments - these were prone to more ideoological disagreements and slow decision making
51
Q

What was the problem with the Reichstag and Presidnecy in the new Weimar constitution?

A
  • The presidents powers were often referred to as Ersatkaiser (substitute emperor) in relation to the Reichstag since it seems his only role was to prevent the Reichstag becoming too powerful
  • People were unsure whether it was the president or the Reichstag which were the ultimate source of authority in the republic - which was destabalising
52
Q

What were the problems with the referendums?

A

They provided rallying points for those who oposed to democracy e.g. Alfred Hugenburg called a referendum against the Young Plan in 1929 allowing the Right wing nationalilists and the Nazis to legally campaign and publicise their views

Germany 2 The Birth of Democratic Germany (3 decks)

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