The Atom Flashcards
Who proposed the billiard ball method and when did he propose it?
John Dalton, Early 1800’s
What are the 5 essences of the billiard ball method?
Elements are made of extremely small particles called atoms.
Atoms of a given element are identical in size, mass, and other properties.
Atoms cannot be subdivided, created, or destroyed.
Atoms of different elements combine in simple whole-number ratios to form chemical compounds.
In chemical reactions, atoms are combined, separated, or rearranged.
Who developed the first periodic table?
Dimitri Mendeleev
Who discovered the electron and how?
JJ Thomson discovered the electron using cathode ray tube experiments
What did Ernest Rutherford conclude from his gold foil experiment?
The atom consists mainly of open space in which the electrons spin
At the center of the atom is the nucleus that contains almost all the mass of the atom.
Explain the gold foil experiment and how it worked.
Alpha (α-) particles (positive Helium nuclei) were shot at a very thin piece of gold foil. Most α- particles went straight through the foil, a few were deflected and even fewer bounced straight back.
Who produced the Bohr model and when?
Niels Bohr in 1913
James Chadwick is credited with discovering the…
Neutron
The Schrodinger wave equation was designed by who?
Erwin Schrodinger.
What is the definition of an Isotope?
Atoms of the same element, having the same atomic number but a different number of neutrons
State Hunds Rule
Every orbital is is singly occupied with one electron before any one orbital is doubly occupied, and all electrons in singly occupied orbitals have the same spin.
Pauli’s exclusion principal states that…
No two electrons in the orbital can have the same spin.
