The Atom Flashcards
(20 cards)
What is Hund’s Rule?
Hund’s Rule states that atoms will place one electron in each orbital BEFORE pairing.
What is the Aufbau Principle?
The Aufbau Principle is the “lazy tenant” rule: an atom will fill its energy level(s) before placing electrons in the next level.
What is the Pauli Exclusion Principle?
The Pauli Exclusion Rule states that in a poly-electron atom, no two electrons can share the exact same quantum numbers
In quantum numbers, what is an “n” value?
The “n” is the energy level.
In quantum numbers, what is the “l” value?
The “l” value is which block the electron is in. It describes the shape of the orbital.
In quantum numbers, what is the “ml” value?
The “ml” value states which orbital the electron lies in.
In quantum numbers, what is the “ms” value?
The “ms” value is the spin of the electron.
In quantum numbers, what are all possible values of “n”?
1-7
In quantum numbers, what are all possible values of “l”?
S = 0 P = 1 D = 2 F = 3
In quantum numbers, what are all possible values of “ml”?
If l=0, then ml=0
If l=1, then ml=-1, 0, 1
If l=2, then ml=-2, -1, 0, 1, 2
If l=3, then ml=-3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3
In quantum numbers, what are all possible values of “ms”?
First electron = 1/2
Second electron = -1/2
What is a proton, where is it found, and what is its weight?
A proton is a positively charged particle found in the nucleus with a weight of 1 amu.
What is a neutron, where is it found, and what is its weight?
A neutron has no charge, is found in the nucleus, and weighs 1 amu.
What is an electron, where is it found, and what is its weight?
An electron is a negatively charged particle found in energy levels and orbitals, weighing 1/1836 amu.
What is an orbital?
An orbital is a region of probability where an electron could be found.
What is an excited atom?
An excited atom is an atom that has at least one electron that has jumped an energy level, gaining energy.
What is a photon and how is it created?
A photon is a light particle emitted when an electron released energy when going from an excited state to its ground state.
What are the wavelengths of visible color?
Red 700, orange 650, yellow 600, green 550, blue 500, indigo 450, violet 400.
Gamma rays, x-rays, and ultraviolet rays are more penetrative, and have a wavelength and frequency…
A wavelength shorter than color, and increased frequency.
Radio waves are less penetrative, therefore have a wavelength and frequency…
Wavelength is longer, frequency is decreased.
