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Chemistry > The atom > Flashcards

The atom Flashcards

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1
Q

What is an atom?

A

The smallest particle of an element

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2
Q

What makes elements different?

A

The amount of protons in the atom

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3
Q

What give an element it’s identity?

A

The amount of protons

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4
Q

What are the characteristics of the atom?

A

Mainly empty space
Has protons and neutrons
Protons and neutrons give atomic mass
Space gives volume
Electrons move around nucleus in orbitals
Electrons are attracted to nucleus

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5
Q

Explain the energy levels around the nucleus?

A

Electrons further from the nucleus are in higher energy level
Electrons close to the nucleus are in lower energy level

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6
Q

What is the atomic number?

A

Number of protons in the nucleus

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7
Q

What is the mass number?

A

Number of protons + neutrons in the nucleus

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8
Q

What is the number of neutrons?

A

Mass number – atomic number

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9
Q

What are isotopes?

A

Atoms from the same element, with the same
atomic number, but different mass numbers

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10
Q

What is relative atomic mass?

A

Average mass of all the atoms of that element, taking into account the abundance of all the isotopes

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11
Q

What is electron configuration?

A

The way electrons are arranged around the nucleus

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12
Q

What is an orbital?

A

Region in space where it is probable to find an electron

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13
Q

What is the Heisenberg Uncertainty principle?

A

It states that you cannot measure both the position and the speed of an electron at the same time

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14
Q

What are the 4 different types of orbitals?

A

s, p, d and f

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15
Q

Explain the structure of the s orbital.

A

Spherical shape
One in each energy level

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16
Q

Explain the p orbital.

A

Hourglass shape
3 in each energy level

17
Q

Explain energy levels around the nucleus.

A

Electrons further from the nucleus are in higher energy level
Electrons close to the nucleus are in lower energy level

18
Q

What are the 4 energy levels?

A

Level one:
- one s-orbital

Level two:
- one s-orbital
- three p-orbitals

Level three:
- one s-orbital
- three p-orbital
- five d-orbital

Level four:
- one s-orbital
- three p-orbital
- five d-orbital
- seven f-orbital

19
Q

What is the Aufbau principle?

A

It states that in the ground state of an atom, electrons fill low-energy orbitals before they fill higher energy ones.

19
Q

What is the definition of core electrons?

A

Number of electrons in inner energy levels of an atom

20
Q

What is the definition of valency electrons?

A

Electrons in the outer energy level of an atom

21
Q

What is the definition of valency?

A

The number of electrons an atom must gain or lose or share to achieve the stability of a noble gas.

Chemistry (4 decks)

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