State of matter and KMT Flashcards
What is the difference between a chemical bond and intermolecular bond?
Chemical bonds hold atoms together in a molecule or ionic compound
Intermolecular forces hold molecules together in a solid, liquid or gas
What is the brownian motion?
The random movement of particles in a liquid or gas, as a result of their collision with surrounding molecules
What is the kinetic molecular theory?`
All matter is composed of particles, these particles are in constant motion, these particles have a certain amount of energy, which allows them to move at different speeds depending on the temperature
What is the difference between a solid, liquid and a gas?
Solid:
- Particles packed close together
- Little kinetic energy
- Vibrates on the spot
- Strong attractive forces
Liquid:
- Particles further away from each other
- More kinetic energy than solid particles
- Restricted movement
- Attractive forces weaker than in solids
Gas:
- Large spaces between particles
- Lot of kinetic energy
- Moves freely & fast
- Weak attractive forces
What is diffusion?
The movement of a gas or liquid from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration
What is temperature?
The measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles
What happens to the particles when you increase the temperature of a stubstance?
Gain kinetic energy
Move faster
Intermolecular forces weaken
Move further apart
What is melting point?
Temperature at which a solid turns into a liquid
What is boiling point?
Temperature at which a liquid turns into a gas
What is freezing point?
Temperature at which a liquid turns into a solid
What is sublimation?
A solid goes directly to a gas
What is equilibrium?
Melting and freezing happen at the same time
Liquid water will turn into ice, but at the same time ice will turn into liquid water
Amount of ice and the amount of water will stay exactly the same
What happens during a phase change?
Heat energy is converted to potential energy which is used to overcome intermolecular forces between the particles
What is potential energy?
Stored energy an object has due to its position relative to another object
What increases potential energy?
The further away to particles are form each other
