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PPL - PoF > The Atmosphere > Flashcards

The Atmosphere Flashcards

1
Q

Height of the Troposphere at the poles

A

30,000 ft

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2
Q

Height of the Troposphere at the equator

A

60,000 ft

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3
Q

Layer of atmosphere most flying happens in

A

Troposphere

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4
Q

How much of each gas in the atmosphere

Nitrogen
Oxygen
Other

A

Nitrogen - 78%
Oxygen - 21%
Other - 1%

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5
Q

What unit?

Force is measured in?

A

Newtons (N)

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6
Q

What unit?

Mass is measured in?

A

Kilogram (Kg)

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7
Q

What value and unit?

Gravity constant is measured in?

A

9.81 m/s^2

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8
Q

M F A
Mass = Force / Acceleration

General Knowledge

A

REMEMBER:
Enforce MultiFactor Authentication

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9
Q

What is the definition of pressure?

A

Amount of force spread over an area

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10
Q

Equation for pressure

General Knowledge

A

Pressure = Force / Area

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11
Q

What is the pressure of the following flight levels?

Sea Level
5000
10,000
20,000
30,000
35,000

A

Sea Level - 1013
5000 - 840
10,000 - 700
20,000 - 466
30,000 - 300
35,000 - 240

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12
Q

Why does an aircraft have a “ceiling” altitude?

A

At altitude, air pressure is reduced.
1% difference of pressure on upper surface of wing at 20,000ft is less than 1% difference at sea level
Wings can therefore lift less weight at higher altitudes

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13
Q

What are the values of ISA at sea level?

Temperature
Density
Pressure

A
  1. Temperature - 15 C
  2. Density - 1.225 kg/m^3
  3. Pressure - 1013.2 hPa
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14
Q

What are the values of ISA lapse rates?

Temperature lapse rate
Pressure reduction (up to ????? ft)

A

Temperature: -1.98 C per 1000 ft
Pressure: 1 hPa per 30 ft up to 20,000 ft

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15
Q

Which gas law is defined below?

At a constant temperature, the volume of a gas is inversely proportional to its pressure

A

Boyles Law (PV = K1)

P = pressure (Pa)
V = Volume (m^3)
K1 = Constant (Joules)

If a contained with fixed amount of molecules inside is reduced in volume, more molecules hit the sides, causing greater pressure

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16
Q

Which gas law is defined below?

The volume of gas at a constant pressure is directly propotional to its absolute temperature

A

Charles Law (V = K2T)
T = Absolute temperature (Kelvin)
K2 = Constant produced

17
Q

Which gas law is defined below?

The pressure of an atmosphere is simply the sum of pressures of the individual gases within the atmosphere

A

Daltons Law (Ptotal = P1 + P2 + P3 + Pn)
Ptotal = sum of all pressures
Pn = Individual pressure

18
Q

Which gas law is defined below?

The amount of gas dissolved in a liquid is proportional to the gas pressure outside of the liquid.
If the pressure of a liquid is reduced, then the amount of gas dissolved in the liquid will reduce

A

Henerys Law (P = Kh C)
P = partial pressure
C = concentration of the solute
Kh = Constant with dimensions of pressure divided by concentration

19
Q

Remember the gas laws

Boil (Boyle) at constant temperature
King Charles under pressure (constant pressure)
Dalton needs to Pee
Henry drinks coke (pressure liquid)

General Knowledge

A
20
Q

What happens to air density with an increse in altitude?

A

Becomes less dense

21
Q

What happens to air density with an increase in temperature?

A

Air becomes less dense

Cold = Dense = Thicker
Warm = Less Dense = Thinner

22
Q

Moist (humid) air contains MORE or LESS water vapour than dry air?

A

MORE

23
Q

Water vapour is MORE or LESS dense than air?

A

LESS

24
Q

Humid air weights MORE or LESS than dry air?

A

LESS

25
Q

The amount of water vapour that air can contain is dependent on what?

A

Temperature

26
Q

Air of HIGHER temperature can contain MORE or LESS water vapour?

A

MORE

27
Q

Air of LOWER temperature can contain MORE or LESS water vapour?

A

LESS

28
Q

Engine Power

LESS dense air means MORE or LESS oxygen?
What does this do to power available?

A

LESS oxygen
LESS power

29
Q

Engine Power

MORE dense air means MORE or LESS oxygen?
What does this do to power available?

A

MORE oxygen
MORE power

30
Q

Aerodynamic Lift

LESS dense air means MORE or LESS lift?

A

LESS lift

31
Q

What is Boyles Law

A

At a constant temperature, the volume of a gas is inversely proportional to its pressure

Pressure increases, volume decreases

32
Q

What is Charles Law

A

It a constant pressure, the volume of gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperature.

If temperature increases, volume increases

33
Q

What is Henrys Law

A

The amount of gas dissolved in a liquid is proportional to the gas pressure outside of the liquid.
If the pressure of a liquid is reduced, then the amount of gas dissolved in the liquid will reduce

Think about the squeezed bottle and water. Release the bottle cap, the water turns into cloud

34
Q

What is Daltons Law

A

The pressure of an atmosphere is simply the sum of pressures of the individual gases within the atmosphere

Ptotal = P1 + P2 + P3

35
Q

What is Newtons 1st Law

A

An object at rest remains at rest, and an object in motion remains in motion at constant speed and in a straight line unless acted on by an unbalanced force

Object at rest or in motion = CONSTANT

36
Q

What is Newtons 2nd Law

A

The acceleration of an object depends on the mass of the object and the amount of force applied

Mass = Force / Acceleration
Heavier the object, more force required to move it at the same acceleration as a lighter object

37
Q

What is Newtons 3rd Law

A

Whenever one object exerts a force on another object, the second object exerts an equal and opposite on the first

Opposite and Equal Reaction

38
Q

At the same IAS, as altitude inceases, what happens to dynamic and static pressure

A
  1. Dynamic pressure REMAINS CONSTANT
  2. Static Pressure DECREASES

As altitude increases, the atmospheric (static) pressure reduces.

Since the air is “thinner” at altitude, the aircraft travels faster (physically), but from a DYNAMIC pressure point of view, the dynamic pressure remains the SAME (the same molecules of air collected in the same time, but over a greater distance)

PPL - PoF (9 decks)

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