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TW 23PSY-2AL-B1 > The Approaches: The Cognitive Approach > Flashcards

The Approaches: The Cognitive Approach Flashcards

1
Q

According to the cognitive approach what does our mind work like?

A

A computer

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2
Q

How is the cognitive approach different to the behaviorist approach?

A

The cognitive approach suggests we actively process and organise information WHEREAS the behaviourist approach suggests we passively respond to stimuli

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3
Q

What is meant by ‘inferences’

A

Going beyond the immediate evidence to draw logical assumptions about internal mental processes

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4
Q

Describe the three-stage process of the computer model

A

INPUT (info from env.) –> PROCESS (we interpret) —-> OUTPUT (behaviour)

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5
Q

What is one benefit of using models according to the cognitive approach?

A

They provide testable theories about mental processing and can be studied scientifically

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6
Q

What is meant by ‘schemas’?

A

Mental representations

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7
Q

How are ‘schemas’ created?

A

Experience

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8
Q

Where are ‘schemas’ held?

A

In our LTM

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9
Q

Name one reason why schemas are beneficial

A
  • Can help us predict what might happen
  • Help us make quick decisions
  • Prevent us from being overwhelmed
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10
Q

Name one reason why schemas may not be beneficial

A
  • Biased recall / EWT; we will recall what we expect to see
  • Negative schemas may make an individual vulnerable to depression
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11
Q

What are the three parts of the computer model?

A

Input
Processing
Output

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12
Q

What part of the depression topic is an example of the a computer model?

A

Ellis ABC Model

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13
Q

Name one example of a theoretical model?

A

Multi-store model

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14
Q

What is a theoretical model?

A

Models can be used to provide testable theories about mental processing and can be studied scientifically and inferences made.

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15
Q

Cognitive neuroscience is scientific study of brain/neurological structures, mechanisms, processes, chemistry that are responsible for

A

Cognitive/mental/thinking processes

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16
Q

Cognitive neuroscience has developed because of changes in technology. Name two brain imaging techniques used by cognitive neuroscientists?

A

fMRI and PET scans

17
Q

Cognitive neuroscience works by comparing what and what do they want to identify

A

People with a disorder to those without a disorder to identify the physical basis for cognitive processes in the brain

18
Q

Cognitive neuroscience argue which types of models are important to understand how individuals think?

A

Computer Models

19
Q

Tulving used brain scans where he asked participants to complete tasks that used which two types of Long Term Memory (LTM)?

A

Episodic and semantic memory

20
Q

Tulving argued that the two parts of LTM are located on opposite sides of which brain area?

A

Pre-frontal cortex

21
Q

Think about DREAMS. What AO3 points could you use?

A

Practical Applications
Soft Determinism
Scientific Methods

22
Q

What does the cognitive approach study?

A

Internal mental processes

23
Q

How does the cognitive approach study behaviour?

A

Scientifically, through lab experiments and brain scans

24
Q

What is an inference in cognitive psychology?

A

Logical assumptions based on behaviour.

25
Q

What analogy does the cognitive approach use?

A

Computer analogy

26
Q

What are the three stages in the information-processing model?

A

Input, processing, output

27
Q

What is the output in the information-processing model?

A

Behaviour or emotion

28
Q

What is a schema?

A

Mental representation

29
Q

Where are schemas stored?

A

Long-term memory (LTM)

30
Q

How are schemas formed?

A

Through knowledge and experience

31
Q

What is one role of schemas?

A

Make quick decisions

32
Q

Why might schemas be harmful?

A

Cause biased recall

33
Q

How do schemas affect eyewitness testimony?

A

Influence recall accuracy

34
Q

What internal factors affect behaviour, according to cognitive psychology?

A

Internal mental processes

35
Q

What does high control over variables help establish?

A

Cause and effect

36
Q

How do cognitive psychologists study ‘private’ mental processes?

A

By making inferences

37
Q

How might a schema affect someone’s first impression of a person?

A

Stereotypical expectations

38
Q

How does the cognitive approach differ from the biological approach?

A

Allows for some choice in behaviour

TW 23PSY-2AL-B1 (17 decks)

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