Schizophrenia: Psychological Explanations - Family Dysfunction Flashcards
When answering questions on psychological explanations of schizophrenia, what structure must you follow?
Name/Explain/Feeling/Symptom
When answering questions on psychological explanations you need to follow this structure: Name - Explain - Feeling - ________
Symptom
When answering questions on psychological explanations you need to follow this structure: Name - Explain - ____________ - Symptom
Feeling
When answering questions on psychological explanations you need to follow this structure: __________ - Explain - Feeling - Symptom
Name
When answering questions on psychological explanations you need to follow this structure: Name - __________- Feeling - Symptom
Explain
Family dysfunction is the idea that an individual develops schizophrenia because of what?
Because they have been raised in a dysfunctional family environment.
Based on the psychological explanation, what type of family environment makes you more likely to develop schizophrenia?
A dysfunctional family environment.
The family is dysfunctional in the way that they ___________ with each other
communicate
What can poor communication result in?
high levels of tension and arguments
High levels of tension and arguments are a result of?
Poor communication between family members
High levels of tension and arguments between family members result in creating risk factors for the 1.____________and 2.______________of schizophrenia.
- development
- maintenance
High levels of tension and arguments between who result in creating risk factors for the development and maintenance of schizophrenia?
Family members
What are the three areas of a dysfunctional family environment that increases the risk of schizophrenia?
Schizophrenogenic mother, double bind communication & expressed emotion
What are the three areas of a dysfunctional family environment that increases the risk of schizophrenia are Schizophrenogenic mother, double bind communication & ____________
expressed emotion
What are the three areas of a dysfunctional family environment that increases the risk of schizophrenia are _________________________, double bind communication & expressed emotion
Schizophrenogenic mother
What are the three areas of a dysfunctional family environment that increases the risk of schizophrenia are Schizophrenogenic mother, __________________& expressed emotion
double bind communication
Accoriding to the psychological expanantion of schizophrenia, Schizophrenia is caused by the patient’s early experience of what type of mother?
Schizophrenogenic mother
(Schizophrenia causing mother)
What does Schizophrenogenic mean?
Schizophrenia causing
What are 5 characteristics that can be used to describe a schizophrenogenic mother?
- cold
- controlling
- rejecting
- emotionally
- unresponsive
Which family member describes as cold and controlling can increase the risk of developing schizophrenia?
A schizophrenogenic mother
What kind of family environment does a schizophrenogenic mother build?
She builds a family climate characterised by tension and secrecy.
Which family member builds a family climate characterised by tension and secrecy.
Schizophrenogenic mother
Family climate characterised by tension and secrecy leads to what?
Distrust that later develops into paranoid delusions in schizophrenia.
What role does the father have in a dysfunctional family which contributes to the development of schizophrenia?
The father in such families is often passive.
In summarising schizophreniogenic mother in the explanation of schizophrenia…
Schizphenogenic mother’s characteristics –> build family _______and ___________ –> leads to distrust –> develop paranoid delusions in schizophrenia
tension
secrecy
In summarising schizophreniogenic mother in the explanation of schizophrenia…
Schizphenogenic mother’s characteristics –> build family tension and secrecy –> leads to ________–> develop paranoid delusions in schizophrenia
distrust
In summarising schizophreniogenic mother in the explanation of schizophrenia…
Schizphenogenic mother’s characteristics –> build family tension and secrecy –> leads to distrust –> develop __________ in schizophrenia
paranoid delusions
In summarising schizophreniogenic mother in the explanation of schizophrenia…
Schizphenogenic mother’s characteristics –> build family tension and secrecy –> leads to distrust –> develop paranoid __________ in schizophrenia
delusions
Paranoid delusions are positive or negative symptoms of schizophrenia?
Positive
What did Bateson et al (1956) argue schizophrenia is due to?
the faulty communication patterns that exist within families.
Bateson et al (1956) argues that schizophrenia is due to the faulty ______________ patterns that exist within families.
communication
Bateson et al (1956) argues that schizophrenia is due to the __________ communication patterns that exist within families.
faulty
Which type of faulty communication patterns increases the risk for schizophrenia?
Double bind communication
Double ______ communication is a type of faulty communication pattern that increases the risk of schizophrenia.
bind
Double bind communication occurs when the ___________ communicates a verbal message which is not ________ with their non-verbal message, so the child receives mixed messages.
parent
matched
Double _______ communication occurs when the parent _____________a verbal message which is not matched with their non-verbal message, so the child receives mixed messages.
bind
communicates
Double bind communication occurs when the parent communicates a ____________ message which is not matched with their __________ message, so the child receives mixed messages.
verbal
non-verbal
Double bind communication occurs when the parent communicates a verbal message which is not matched with their non-verbal message, so the child receives _____________.
mixed messages
In an example of double bind communication, if the father is verbally loving how might he be emotionally?
rejecting
How does the child feel in double bind communication?
The child feels they cannot do the right thing and becomes increasingly anxious,
When the child feels anxious as a result of double blind communication what impact does this have on schizophrenic symptoms?
signs of avolition and disorganised thinking and paranoid delusions.
Expressed Emotion:
This is the level of emotion, in particular negative emotion, expressed towards a person by f___________ ___________.
family members.
What is the term which describes the level of emotion, in particular negative emotion, expressed towards a person by family members?
Expressed emotion
What kind of emotion, in particular, is expressed towards a person by a family member?
Negative emotions
(E) High levels of expressed emotion such as,
* Verbal criticism and occasional violence towards the patient
* Hostility towards the patient, including anger and rejection
* Emotional over-involvement in their life.
High levels of expressed emotion includes what type of criticism?
Verbal criticism
High levels of expressed emotion include hostility towards a person such as?
Anger and rejection
High levels of expressed emotion include emotional over-____________in a person’s life.
involvement
How does expressed emotion impact patients?
This can cause stress in the patient
How do expressed emotion and stress relate to the development of schizophrenia?
Stress in the patient from the family’s expressed emotion can trigger the onset of schizophrenia.
The maintenance of schizophrenia (expressed emotion): What is the primary explanation for relapse in patients with schizophrenia.
Stress caused by expressed emotion.
Stress caused by expressed emotion is a primary explanation for relapse in patients with schizophrenia. (Kavanagh, 1992). Why?
This is because when a patient with SZ is placed back into a stressful environment, positive and negative symptoms (S) come back.
AO3: What was the sample of children in Mednick et al’s (1984)research to support the schizophrenogenic mother theory?
207 children (high risk for developing SZ)
They were raised in dysfunctional families where the mothers were cold and rejecting.
AO3: What was FOUND In Mednick et al’s (1984)research to support the schizophrenogenic mother theory?
It was found that 17 children of this high-risk group were diagnosed with schizophrenia, this is 8%, compared to 1% of the general population
AO3: What did Berger’s (1965) research on double bind communication find when ppts were asked about their interactions with their parents in childhood?
It was found that schizophrenics could remember more instances of double bind communication from their mother than non-schizophrenics..
AO3: Practical applications.
What is the theory you can use in a real-world situation based on the psychological explanation of schizophrenia?
Schizophrenia is caused by faulty family communication
AO3 Practical application
The theory that schizophrenia is caused by faulty family communication has led to the development of what?
Family therapy treatment
AO3 Practical application:
Briefly describe the procedure of family therapy.
This reduces stress levels and expressed emotion and can help prevent relapse of schizophrenia (Leff et al, 1985), therefore family dysfunction as an explanation of schizophrenia is an important part of applied psychology as it helps to treat people in the real world.
therapist meeting with the patient and their family in order to try and alter relationship and communication patterns.
AO3 Practical application:
What impact does family therapy have on individuals?
It reduces stress levels and expressed emotion and can help prevent relapse of schizophrenia (Leff et al, 1985).
