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JA 23PSY-2AL-D2 > The Approaches: Psychodynamic Approach 2024 > Flashcards

The Approaches: Psychodynamic Approach 2024 Flashcards

1
Q

Assumption Focus

What are the 2 assumptions of the psychodynamic approach?

Remember, for an 8 or 16 mark essay you only need 1x assumption

A
  1. Behaviour is due to unconscious motives
  2. Focuses on past experiences - relationships with parents and childhood conflicts create behaviour and personality

Remember, for an 8 or 16 mark essay you only need 1x assumption

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2
Q

Feature Focus: The Role of the Unconscious

What 3 things does the unconscious mind contain?

A
  • Information we are not aware of
  • Repressed memories
  • Innate drives and instincts
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3
Q

Feature Focus: The Role of the Unconscious

What does the preconscious mind contain?

A

Thoughts and ideas we may become aware of during dreams

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4
Q

Feature Focus: The Role of the Unconscious

What does the conscious mind contain?

A

Information we are aware of

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5
Q

Feature Focus: The Structure of the Personality

The personality is made up of how many parts?

AQA often makes this a specific mark point in the exam

A

3 parts

Freud referred to the personality as a ‘tripartite’

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6
Q

Feature Focus: The Structure of the Personality

Name all parts of the personality

A
  • Id
  • Ego
  • Superego
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7
Q

Feature Focus: Structure of the Personality

What principle is each part of the personality driven by?

A
  • Id = pleasure
  • Ego = reality
  • Superego = morality
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8
Q

Feature Focus: Structure of the Personality

What principle is the id driven by?

A

Pleasure

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9
Q

Feature Focus: Structure of the Personality

What principle is the ego driven by?

A

Reality

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10
Q

Feature Focus: Structure of the Personality

What principle is the superego driven by?

A

Morality

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11
Q

Feature Focus: Structure of the Personality

Where is the id found within the mind?

Think of the iceberg

A

Unconscious mind

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12
Q

Feature Focus: Structure of the Personality

When does the pleasure principle develop?

A

From birth

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13
Q

Feature Focus: Structure of the Personality

When does the reality principle develop?

A

Between 18 months and 3 years

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14
Q

Feature Focus: Structure of the Personality

When does the morality principle develop?

A

Between 3 and 6 years

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15
Q

Feature Focus: Structure of the Personality

What happens if you have an overpowering id?

A

Develop a selfish personality

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16
Q

Feature Focus: Structure of the Personality

What happens if you have an overpowering superego?

A

Develop an anxious personality

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17
Q

Feature Focus: Structure of the Personality

What is the role of the ego?

A

Balance the demands of the id and superego

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18
Q

Feature Focus: Structure of the Personality

How does the ego balance the demands of the id and the superego?

A

Using defence mechanisms

19
Q

Feature Focus: Structure of the Personality

How does the superego develop?

A

Identification with the same sex parent

20
Q

Feature Focus: Defence Mechanisms

What are defence mechanisms?

It is important you know what defence mechanisms are, as well as examples of them

A

Unconscious strategies that the ego uses to manage the conflict between the id and superego

IMPORTANT: Remember that defence mechanisms are unconscious - we do not choose to use them

21
Q

Feature Focus: Defence Mechanisms

Provide 3 examples of defence mechanisms

A
  • Repression
  • Denial
  • Displacement
22
Q

Feature Focus: Defence Mechanisms

What is a benefit of defence mechanisms?

A

They stop the ego from becoming overwhelmed

23
Q

Feature Focus: Defence Mechanisms

What is a problem with defence mechanisms?

A

They can distort a persons reality

24
Q

Feature Focus: Defence Mechanisms

What is meant by repression?

A

Where the ego forces a distressing memory out of the conscious mind to the unconscious mind

25
Q

Feature Focus: Defence Mechanisms

What is meant by denial?

A

Where the ego refuses to acknowledge an unpleasant aspect of reality

26
Q

Feature Focus: Defence Mechanisms

What is meant by displacement?

A

Where the ego tranfers feelings from the true source of distressing emotions onto a less threatening substitute target

27
Q

Feature Focus: Defence Mechanisms

Johnny is having an argument with his father. He turns around and walks out the room, slamming the door on his way out.

What defence mechanism is this - and why?

A
  • Displacement
  • Johnny is transferring his negative emotions of anger onto the door (a less threatening substitute)
28
Q

Feature Focus: Defence Mechanisms

Timmy achieved an U grade in his Psychology synoptic.

When asked by his class teacher, Timmy insists he has not failed.
What defence mechanism is this - and why?

A
  • Denial
  • Timmy is refusing to acknowledge an unpleasant aspect of reality - failing his synoptic
29
Q

Feature Focus: Defence Mechanisms

Samantha was in a car crash when she was 12 years old.

However, when she is asked about it at 15 - she cannot remember anything

What defence mechanism is this - and why?

A
  • Repression
  • Because Samantha is forcing a distressing memory into her unconscious mind
30
Q

Feature Focus: The Psychosexual Stages

During the psychosexual stages, which part of our personality gains pleasure?

A

Id

31
Q

Feature Focus: The Psychosexual Stages

Name all stages of the psychosexual stages

A
  • Oral
  • Anal
  • Phallic
  • Latency
  • Genital

*In a 16 mark essay, you would only need to explain Oral, Anal, Phallic in detail *

32
Q

Feature Focus: The Psychosexual Stages

What happens if a child does not resolve the conflict in a stage?

A

They become fixated

33
Q

Feature Focus: The Psychosexual Stages

What behaviours would be shown if you become fixated during the oral stage?

A
  • Smoking
  • Biting nails
  • Sarcastic / critical
34
Q

Feature Focus: The Psychosexual Stages

What behaviours would be shown if you become fixated during the anal stage?

Remember there are two personality types which can develop from a fixation in the anal stage

A
  • Anal retentive = perfectionist, neat
  • Anal expulsive = thoughtless, messy
35
Q

Feature Focus: The Psychosexual Stages

What behaviours would be shown if you become fixated during the phallic stage?

A

Phallic personality - narcissistic, reckless

36
Q

AO3 Focus: Structure of the Personality

Why does the structure of the personality lack scientific rigour?

Remember you can be asked to evaluate any feature of the psychodynamic approach

A

Because concepts like the id, ego and superego can not be objectively and empirically tested

This will form the second E of your PEEL

37
Q

AO3 Focus: Psychosexual Stages

Why do the psychosexual stages lack scientific rigour?

Remember you can be asked to evaluate any feature of the psychodynamic approach

A

Because concepts like the oral, anal and phallic stages can not be objectively and empirically tested

This will form the second E of your PEEL

38
Q

AO3 Focus: Role of the Unconscious

Why does the role of the unconscious lack scientific rigour?

Remember you can be asked to evaluate any feature of the psychodynamic approach

A

Because concepts like the unconscious, preconscious, and conscious mind can not be objectively and empirically tested

This will form the second E of your PEEL

39
Q

AO3 Focus: Defence Mechanisms

Why do defence mechanisms lack scientific rigour?

Remember you can be asked to evaluate any feature of the psychodynamic approach

A

Because concepts like the denial, repression and displacement can not be objectively and empirically tested

This will form the second E of your PEEL

40
Q

AO3 Focus: Psychosexual Stages

Why can the psychosexual stages be considered deterministic?

Remember you can be asked to evaluate any feature of the psychodynamic approach

A
  • It suggests individual is controlled by internal and external factors
  • Such as oral fixations resulting in behaviour such as smoking

This would form the first E of your PEEL

41
Q

AO3 Focus: Defence Mechanisms

Why can defence mechanisms be considered deterministic?

This would form the first E of your PEEL

A
  • It suggests individual is controlled by internal and external factors
  • Such as overuse of mechanisms such as denial resulting in psychotic disorders

This would form the first E of your PEEL

42
Q

AO3 Focus: All Features

If all psychodynamic features are deterministic, what does this ignore the role of?
How might this make people feel?

This would form the second E of your PEEL

A
  • Ignores free will
  • Individuals may feel they have no control over their behaviour

This would form the second E of your PEEL

43
Q

AO3 Focus: The Role of the Unconscious / Psychosexual Stages

How does psychoanalysis treat abnormalities

This would form the second E of your PEEL

A

Identifying and resolving unconscious conflicts

This would form the second E of your PEEL

44
Q

STRETCH: Discussion Focus:

Why might the use of psychoanalysis be limited?

A

Can not treat more serious disorders such as schizophrenia

JA 23PSY-2AL-D2 (22 decks)

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