Research Methods: Qual/Quant/Primary/Secondary Data DP Flashcards
Quantitative data is data that is expressed…
Numerically / in numbers
Data that is expressed numerically is called
Quantitative data
The number of seconds it takes to complete a task is an example of which type of data?
Quantitative
Closed questions produce which type of data?
Quantitative
Which type of data can be analysed statistically?
Quantitative
How can quantitative data be analysed?
Statistically
Which type of data can be easily converted into graphs. charts, etc?
Quantitative
Which type of data can be gained from individual scores in experiments such as the number of words recalled?
Quantitative
Quantitative data is more simple to analyse, this allows c___________ to be drawn between groups of data and p_________ and t_______ to be established
comparisons, patterns and trends
Which type of data allows comparisons to be drawn between groups of data and patterns and trends to be established?
Quantitative
Which type of data is more simple to analyse?
Quantitative
What does quantitative data lack?
Depth and meaning to behaviour
If quantitative data lacks detail about participants’ thoughts/feelings/opinions on a given subject, which type of validity does this reduce?
Internal
Which type of data lacks depth and meaning to behaviour?
Quantitative
Qualitative data is expressed in…
words
Qualitative data may take the form of a written description of the t_______, f________ and o_______ of participants
thoughts, feelings and opinions
Qualitative data is d________ data
descriptive
Notes recorded within an interview is an example of which type of data?
Qualitative
A diary entry is an example of which type of data?
Qualitative
Open questions produce which type of data?
Qualitative
Which type of data provides rich detail and depth?
Qualitative
Which type of data allows participants to develop their thoughts and feelings on a given subject?
Qualitative
Which type of data provides a greater understanding of the behaviour being studied - quantitative or qualitative?
Qualitative
Why is qualitative data harder to analyse?
It is difficult to summarise statistically to establish patterns/trends
Qualitative data analysis is based upon the researchers’ own interpretations of the data. What is the weakness here?
Subjective / Potential researcher bias
Quantitative data can be analysed statistically - this may make it easier to make objective conclusions about behaviour. True or false?
True
What is qualitative data rich in?
Detail and depth
How is primary data gathered?
directly/first-hand from the participants themselves
Primary data is ______ to the aim of the study
specific
Data which is gathered by conducting an experiment, questionnaire, interview or observation would be classed as…
primary data
Which type of data is gathered directly/first-hand from the participants themselves?
Primary data
Which type of data is specific to the aim of the study?
Primary data
Primary data is collected first hand from the participant specifically for the aim of the research.
Which type of validity does this increase and why?
Internal validity - allows researchers to specifically target the information that they require and organise and experiment in a way that suits them and their aim
Why might secondary data have low internal validity compared to primary data?
It might not meet the direct needs of the researcher, suggesting it may be less useful
Which type of data allows researchers to specifically target the information that they require and organise and experiment in a way that suits them and their aim?
What does this increase?
Primary - increases internal validity
Which type of data - primary or secondary - involves more time and effort to obtain the data and analyse the findings?
Primary
Why does primary data involve more time and effort?
Researchers obtain the data and analyse the findings themselves
Which type of data - primary or secondary - involves less time and effort to obtain the data and analyse the findings?
Secondary
Why does secondary data involve less time and effort?
It is easily accessed and the information the researcher wants to collect might already exist
Which type of data - primary or secondary - may be poor quality or have inaccuracies?
Secondary
How might secondary data be poor quality or have inaccuracies?
Could be out-dated, incomplete, or not meet the direct needs of the researcher
Primary or Secondary?
A researcher searches through newspapers to see if there is a relationship between daily temperature and the total number of violent incidents.
Secondary
Primary or Secondary?
An interview with people with OCD about their experiences.
Primary
Primary or Secondary?
A comparison of crime statistics in inner city and rural areas to see if there is a difference.
Secondary
Primary or Secondary?
An observation of how primary school children negotiate rules during a game of marbles.
Primary
