The Approaches: Cognitive Neuroscience 2024/25

Question 1

Which brain scanning techniques are used by cognitive neuroscience?

Answer 1

• fMRI scans
• PET scans

Question 2

What does cognitive neuroscience use brain scanning techniques to investigate?

Answer 2

How brain activity may determine internal mental processes

Question 3

What is one example of an internal mental process cognitive neuroscience investigates?

Think back to Paper 1

Answer 3

Memory

Question 4

What is cognitive neuroscience?

Remember that cognitive neuroscience is essentially a combination of biological and cognitive ideas

Answer 4

Scienfitic study of brain structure, processes and chemistry that are responsible for internal mental processes

Remember that cognitive neuroscience is essentially a combination of biological and cognitive ideas

Question 5

How do cognitive neuroscientists identify areas of the brain which are responsible for internal mental processes?

Answer 5

Comparing the brain scans of those with a disorder to those without a disorder

Question 6

Using an example from memory, explain how cognitive neuroscience techniques have been used.

Answer 6

• Types of LTM
• Tulving asked participants to complete tasks using their semantic/episodic memory
• Identified types of LTM in different areas of the brain

Question 7

AO3 Focus

Why can cognitive neuroscience’s use of brain scans be considered scientific?

This woud form the first E of your PEEL

Answer 7

They are objective and empirical techniques

This woud form the first E of your PEEL

Question 8

AO3 Focus

Using an example, why do some of the research methods in cognitive neuroscience lack mundane realism?

This would form the first E of your PEEL

Answer 8

• Artificial tasks
• Such as visualising riding a bike to identify location of procedural memory

This would form the first E of your PEEL

Question 9

AO3 Focus

What is the issue with cognitive neuroscience methods lacking mundane realism?

This would form the second E of your PEEL

Answer 9

This may not represent the way the internal mental processes function in the everyday life

This would form the second E of your PEEL

Question 10

AO3 Focus

What **practical application ** has been developed from cognitive neuroscience?

This would form the second E of your PEEL

Answer 10

Neurorehabilitation

This would form the second E of your PEEL

Question 11

AO3 Focus

The practical application of neurorehabilitation is based upon what principle from cognitive neuroscience?

This would form the first E of your PEEL

Answer 11

Specific brain regions are responsible for specific internal mental processes

This would form the first E of your PEEL

Question 13

AO3 Focus

Give an example of where neurorehabilitation can be used

Answer 13

• Help patients to recover speech functions
• Help patients to recover movement functions

This would form the second E of your PEEL

Question 14

What has led to the emergence of cognitive neuroscience?

Answer 14

Advancements in technology

Question 15

Answer 15

A

Question 16

Apart from Memory, provide another example of where cognitive neuroscience has been used

Answer 16

Identified people with schizophrenia have larger ventricles in the brain

Question 17

AO3 Focus

What 3 PEEL’s would you use to evaluate cognitive neuroscience?

Answer 17

• Scientific methods
• Mundane realism
• Practical Applications