The ANs pt 2 Flashcards
what is considered as “Normal” activity through homeostatic mechanisms?
sympathetic
what happens when there is sypathetic activation?
activation of the entire sympathetic nervous system(crisis managment)
in which ANS division does pupil constriction occur?
PSNS
in which ANS division is there an increase in digestive activity–secretion and peristalsis
PSNS
Increase in anabolic activities (insulin release)?
PSNS
Reduced metabolic function like heart rate and respiration?
PSNS
sexual arousal?
PSNS
what is the NT in cholinergic receptors?
acetylcholine
what happens with nicitinic receptors?
Ach binding–> sodium channels open up(excitatory)–> depolarization
what happens with muscarenic receptors?
Ach binding–>G-protein activation–> activation or inhibition of effectory cell activity vis secondary messengers
What are the NT’s that are apart of sympathetic adrengergic receptors?
Epinephrine and noreprinphrine
what are the two types of cholinergic recpetors for the sympathetic division?
sweat gland–muscarnaric
adrenal medullae–nicotinic
what do alpha 1 receptors do?
bind to NE or E, stimulate calcium release from ER, are usually excitatory of contraction and secretion
what do alpha 2 receptors do?
decrease in cAMP levels, and are usually inhibitory for things like digesting food
what do beta receptors do?
bind to E or NE and increase cAMP levels in target cells
what do beta 1 receptors do?
they are excitatory and do things like increase cardiac contraction
what do beta 2 receptors do ?
smooth muscle relaxation like respiratory smooth muscle relaxation (vasodialation/bronchodialiation)
what do beta 3 receptors do?
stimulates liolysis in adipocytes
how is E and NE degraded?
MOA(neurons), COMT(tissues), and liver (circulation
what is dual innervation?
opposing (antagonistic) effect at effectors
where is dual innervation present?
at most visceral organs(digestive tract, hear, lungs, eyes)
what is autonomic tone?
when there are two controlable “gas/brake pedals” in operation at all times
what is single innervation?
where only the PSNS or SNS control an effector(like vasoconstriction or reproductive activity)
what are the four major autonomic control centers?
cerebral cortex, hypothalamus, midbrain/brainstem, and spinal cord
ANS control center cerebral cortex
emotions can influence ANS activity (limbic system)- fear, anxiety, arousal
ANS control center hypothalamus
primary control center for ANS activity
ANS control center midbrain/brainstem
cardiovascular conrol and visceral reflexes(swallowing, sweating, GI, and pupils)
ANS control center spinal cord(short reflexes)
urinating, defacation, sexual function
