Kahoot pt 1

Question 1

what type of sensory receptors give us information on joint and muscle position?

Answer 1

proprioceptors

Question 2

what taste sensations is stimulated by ‘meaty things’ caused by amino acids and or glutamate?

Answer 2

umami

Question 3

do some taste stimuli directly depolarize the sensory cell? which ones?

Answer 3

acids, and metallic salts

Question 4

which cranial nerve does not caryy taste sensation?

Answer 4

VIII-vistibulocochlear

Question 5

what plays a role in our sense of smell?

Answer 5

hypothalamus, thalamus, cerebral cortex, and limbic system

Question 6

what is the loudness(amplitude) of a sound measured in what units?

Answer 6

decibels

Question 7

what is the order of hearing?

Answer 7

tympanic membrane vibrates, ossicles vibrate, the oval window is compressed, the basilar membrane distorts

Question 8

what cell ‘fine tune’ the neural signals relating to hearing?

Answer 8

outer hair cells

Question 9

what ear piece stays stationary during the process of hearing?

Answer 9

tectorial membrane

Question 10

what are apart of the integrative pathways of hearing?

Answer 10

temporal lobe, inferior colliculus, and superior olivary nucleus of pons

Question 11

what gives us information on vertical acceletation like on an elevator?

Answer 11

macula sacculi

Question 12

what are the EM radiation wavelengths just shorter than human vision can detect called?

Answer 12

UV

Question 13

True or false: the papillary constrict muscles are stimulated by parasympathetic activity?

Answer 13

true

Question 14

seeing something in the distnce would be described by the eye mechanisms being in what state?

Answer 14

emmetropia

Question 15

what accomodates for near vision?

Answer 15

eye convergence, pupil constricition, lens becomes rounder

Question 16

which type of retina cells give us information on color and fine detail?

Answer 16

cones

Question 17

what is the vision-related neural pathway?

Answer 17

retina cell, bipolar cells, ganglion cell body, optic nerve

Question 18

true or false: when you are in the dark, photoreceptor cells are releasing NT towards the bipolar cells

Answer 18

true: they are inhibitory neurotransmitters

Question 19

what is the process by which retinal changes its shape in the presence of light?

Answer 19

bleaching

Question 20

which visual system utilizes rods and requires light energy?

Answer 20

scotopic

Question 21

what are the four kinds of information that your book says sensory receptors transmit?

Answer 21

duration, modality, location, and intensity

Question 22

what is the sensory event order?

Answer 22

stimulus applied, receptor potential generated, sensation, and perception

Question 23

increased action potential rate, greater number of receptors stimulated and differing sensitivity refer to what?

Answer 23

stimulus intensity

Question 24

what type of receptors adapt very quickly?

Answer 24

phasic receptors

Question 25

what are the two motor divisions of the nervous system?

Answer 25

autonomic and somatic

Question 26

what are the four types of effectors of the autonomic system?

Answer 26

smooth muscle, glands, cardiac muscle and adipose tissue

Question 27

what is gray matter missing that give it its characteristic color?

Answer 27

myelin

Question 28

what spinal cord structures consist of gray matter?

Answer 28

posterior horns

Question 29

what type of information passes through the posterior horns?

Answer 29

sensory information

Question 30

what term describes the relative postition of your left hand and right foot?

Answer 30

contralateral

Question 31

ascending tracts usually consist of how many different neurons

Answer 31

3

Question 32

which structure controls signals between the second and third order neurons?

Answer 32

the thalamus

Question 33

which ascending tract carries sensations of light touch, tickle, itch, and skin temperature?

Answer 33

spinothalamic

Question 34

what is the sensation of joint position called?

Answer 34

proprioception

Question 35

decending somatic tracts from the brain consist of what two neurons?

Answer 35

upper and lower neurons

Question 36

which decending tract carries information for fine control of limbs?

Answer 36

corticospinal

Question 37

which descending tract carries motor output for reflexive head movements?

Answer 37

tectospinal

Question 38

which nerons carry sensory information on rate of change of muscle spindles?

Answer 38

primary afferent fibers

Question 39

what are the event of a somatic reflex in order?

Answer 39

information from somatic receptor, afferent neurons carry information, integration in the spinal cord, and change in muscle activity

Question 40

what prevents muscles from working against each other during reflexive movements?

Answer 40

recipricol inhibition

Question 41

what regulates heart and breathing rate as well as vomiting?

Answer 41

medulla oblongata

Question 42

what midbrain structure prevents unwanted muscular movement through inhibition?

Answer 42

substanis nigra

Question 43

what is the modification of respritory rate a function of?

Answer 43

the pons

Question 44

which arteries are most important for carrying blooc to the brain?

Answer 44

carotid arteries

Question 45

what brainstem strucure regulates somatic and cardiovascular motor control, pain modulation, sleep, and habituation?

Answer 45

reticular formation

Question 46

what structure is reffered to in the book as the "gateway to the cerebral cortex"?

Answer 46

thalamus

Question 47

what is the primary function of the superior colliculi?

Answer 47

coordinating eye movements

Question 48

which cerebral structure plays a major role in establishing emotional states and memory?

Answer 48

limbic system

Question 49

which cerebral structure plays a role in integrating ongoing or learned mucle movements?

Answer 49

basal nuclei

Question 50

what structure allows the two cerebral hemispheres to communicate?

Answer 50

corpus callosum

Question 51

what structures make up the limbic system?

Answer 51

hippocampus, cingulate gyrus, amygdala

Question 52

what are the three types of autonomic(visceral) receptors?

Answer 52

barorecptor, chemoreceptor, and thermoreceptor

Question 53

what neurotransmitters are used only in parasympathetic pathways?

Answer 53

acetylcholine

Question 54

which pathways has long post ganglionic fibers?

Answer 54

sympathetic

Question 55

which sympathetic nerve route innervates peripheral blood vessels and sweat glands?

Answer 55

spinal nerve route

Question 56

what is the most varied parasympathetic pathway by far that is associated with which cranial nerve?

Answer 56

vagus

Question 57

True or false: all autonomic receptors respond to either acetylcholine or norepinephrine?

Answer 57

true

Question 58

which autonomic receptors use G protein/ cAMP system to alter effector activity?

Answer 58

muscunaric, alpha receptors, and beta receptors

Question 59

True of false: all sympathetic pathways use norepinephrine to communicate with the effector?

Answer 59

false

Question 60

what autonomic system dilates the pupils an the bronchioles in the lungs?

Answer 60

sympathetic

Question 61

which sytem has more effects in general? PSNS or SNS

Answer 61

SNS

Question 62

what are the three things that break down norepinephrine?

Answer 62

MOA, COMT, and enzymes in the liver

Question 63

What is is called when an organ is controlled by antagonitic or cooperative effects of both the SNS and PSNS?

Answer 63

dual innervation

Question 64

compared to the nervous system the effects of the endocrine system are...

Answer 64

slower and longer lasting

Question 65

what hormones are synthesized by the hypothalamus?

Answer 65

gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH), antidiuretic hormone and oxytocin

Question 66

what is the funtion of anti-diuretic hormone?

Answer 66

regulating fluid osmolarity

Question 67

what is the main function of the thyroid hormones T3 and T4?

Answer 67

regulating metabolic rate

Question 68

what is the predominant hormone released by the adrenal medulla?

Answer 68

epinephrine

Question 69

what hormones is released by the adrenal cortex?

Answer 69

cortisol, aldesterone, androgens

Question 70

what hormone is produced by adipose tissue that has a role in regulating hunger?

Answer 70

leptin

Question 71

do steroid hormones normall bind to receptors on the cell membrane?

Answer 71

no, they diffuse across the membrane

Question 72

two or more hormones that act together to enhance their total effects are reffered to as?

Answer 72

synergistic

Question 73

what type of information passes through the anterior horns?

Answer 73

motor information

Question 74

what is the sensation of joint position?

Answer 74

proprioception

Question 75

how many neurons are usually in a ascending tract?

Answer 75

3

Question 76

what is the structure controls signals between the second and throid order somatic neurons?

Answer 76

thalamus

Question 77

which descending tract is involved with reflexive head movements?

Answer 77

tectospinal`

Question 78

which nerons carry sensory information on the rate of change of muscle spindles?

Answer 78

primary afferent fibers

Question 79

what prevents muscles from working against each other during reflexive movements?

Answer 79

reciprical inhibition

Question 80

function of medulla oblongata?

Answer 80

cranial nerve attatchment, regulating heart rate, control swallowing

Question 81

what brainstem regulats somatic and cardiovasucular motor control, pain modulation, sleep, and habituation?

Answer 81

reticular formation

Question 82

which cerebral structure plays a major role in establishing emotional states and memory?

Answer 82

limbic system

Question 83

which autonomic receptior does not use a G protein system to alter effector activity?

Answer 83

nicotinic

Question 84

whcihc cells trigger action otentials in the cochlear nerve?

Answer 84

inner hair cells