The ANS, Chapters 12,13, & 14

Question 1

2. Compare and contrast the actions of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems.

Answer 1

• Sympathetic nervous system is activated under conditions of stress and produces a set of actions called the fight-or-flight response.
• Increase heart rate and blood pressure
• more blood is shunted to skeletal muscles
• preparing the body for sudden, intense physical activity.
• preparing the body for sudden, intense physical activity.
• The bronchi dilate to allow maximum airflow into the lungs, and
  breathing becomes faster and deeper.
• parasympathetic nervous system is activated under nonstressful conditions and produces symptoms called the rest-and-digest response.
• Digestive pro-cesses are promoted
• heart rate and blood pressure decline
• Not as much air is needed, so the bronchi constrict

Question 2

3. Discuss how drugs can modify functions of the autonomic nervous system

Answer 2

• Adrenergic agonist (sympathomimetics): Drugs that stimulate the sympathetic nervous system (adrenergic receptors) are called sympathomimetics or adrenergic agonists. They produce classic symptoms of the fight or flight response.

-cholinergics, parasympathomimetics, or muscarinic agonists: drugs that stimulate the parasympathetic nervous system. They produce the characteristic symptoms of the rest-and-digest response.

• Adrenergic anatagonist: Inhibition of the SNS drugs are called adrenergic antagonists, antiadrenergics, or adrenergic blockers. They produce actions opposite to the adrenergics.
• anticholinergics: Inhibition of the PNS drugs are called anticholinergics, parasympatholytics, or muscarinic blockers. They produce actions opposite to cholinergics.

Question 3

4. Compare and contrast the types of responses that occur when a drug activates alpha1-, alpha2-, beta1- or beta2-adrenergic receptors.

Question 4

5. Identify the physiological responses produced when a drug activates adrenergic receptors.

Question 5

6. Identify indications for pharmacotherapy with adrenergic agonists.

Question 6

8. Identify the physiological responses produced when a drug blocks adrenergic receptors.

Question 7

10. Discuss the clinical applications (actions) of Adrenergic Agonists and adrenergic Antagonists.

Question 8

11. Identify indications for pharmacotherapy with adrenergic antagonists.

Question 9

12. Explain the advantages of selective beta antagonists versus non-selective beta antagonists.

Question 10

Know the effects/actions of the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems, the receptors, neurotransmitters of both, and drugs that inhibit and stimulate both symptoms (study the SNS and PSNS cheat sheet)