medication

Question 1

Diuretics

Answer 1

• Block the reabsorbtion of sodium
• Lasix is a common Diuretics
• Loop of henle is where most sodium is reabsorbed
• Give to lower BP
• Why give for heart failure: To reduce fluid build-up. And decrease in weight, reduction in adema, be able to breath better.
• Check for electrolytes because potassium affects the heart.
• Lasix: Check labs,

Question 2

Calcium channel blockers

Answer 2

• Block Ca channel prevention of Ca entering, limiting muscular contraction
• Decrease heart contractiliy and rate
• only effects smooth muscle
• Why use them for hypertension: TO reduce BP
• Don’t use for heart failure

Question 3

ACE - Inhibitors

Answer 3

• Blocks action of Angiotension II: ANgiotension II is a vasoconstrictor
• Aldosterone: Reabsorbtions of Na+
• ADH:
• ACE - inhibitors cause vasodilation and lowers BP

Question 4

Beta Blockers

Answer 4

• Selective/non selective
• Block the beta adrenegic recepetors
• Beta I - Slow HR
• Block the production of Renin
• negative chronotrope: Slow HR
• Positve chronotrope : increases HR

Question 5

What do you think are some non-pharmacological treatments of hypertension?

Answer 5

Low - sodium diet

alcohol consumation

Stress

smoking

Weight reduction

regular exercise

Question 6

Physical Therapy

Answer 6

Lower BP because cardiac contractilty

Question 7

Pharmacology of Hypertension – Diuretics

Answer 7

Often first choice because of few side effects
Indications
Hypertension, heart failure
Mechanism of action
Reduce blood volume by the ___Urinary_____ __excretion________of electrolytes and water, lowering pressure
Adverse effects? Think of the action and corresponding effects.
More on these later in heart failure

Question 8

What is Reflex tachycardia

Question 9

Drug Classes for Hypertension – Calcium Channel Blockers (2 of 2)

Answer 9

Not good for heart failures

Adverse effects
Dizziness, flushing, hypotension
Reflex tachycardia (with nifedipine)
Peripheral edema
Dysrhythmias
Exacerbation of heart failure why?

no grapefruit juice for Calcium Channel Blockers because it increases medication effects

Question 10

Nursing Considerations for Patients Receiving Calcium Channel Blockers (2 of 2)
Planning
Provide education regarding drug action, precautions and possible adverse effects
Interventions ( Monitor)
1
2
3
4
5

Answer 10

Blood pressure

Heart Rate

Signs of orthostatic Hyptension

Signs of heart failure: Fluid intake and output

Liver function test

kidney function test

Can cause reflex tachycardia

Question 11

Drug Classes for Hypertension – ACE Inhibitors (2 of 2) Adverse effects

Answer 11

• Can cause persistant cough
• Can cause hypotension
• Can cause hyperkalemia (high potassium)
• Can cause angioedemia: Swells face and preventions pt from breathing

Answer 12

• Monitor for dizziness
• check for infection or bruising
• monitor for presistent cough
• sodium + potassium
• Monitor Kidney Function

Question 13

Drug Classes for Hypertension – Beta1 Adrenergic Antagonists ( Beta Blockers)

Answer 13

broncocontrcitiojs

Question 14

Drug Classes for Hypertension – Direct-acting Vasodilators

Answer 14

Relax arterial smooth muscle directly causing _____vasodilation______

Adverse effects are server

• hypotension
• reflex tachycardia
• headache, dizziness, flushing

Question 14

Nursing Considerations for Clients Receiving Direct Vasodilator Therapy (2 of 2)

Answer 14

Interventions:

• Monitor Blood pressure
• Monitor Dizzness and LOC

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