The Ankle and Foot Flashcards
Origin, insertion and action of Gastrocnemius
Origin, insertion and action of Peroneus Brevis
Origin, insertion and action of Flexor Digitorum Longus
Origin, insertion and action of Soleus
Origin, insertion and action of Plantaris
Origin, insertion and action of Tibialis Posterior
Origin, insertion and action of Flexor Hallucis Longus
Origin, insertion and action of Peroneus tertius
Origin, insertion and action of Peroneus Longus
Origin, insertion and action of Extensor Hallucis Longus
Origin, insertion and action of Tibialis anterior
Origin, insertion and action of Extensor digitorum longus
What are the stabilising features of the ankle?
Joint Capsule, deltoid/medial collateral ligament(Anterior tibiotalar, posterior tibiotalar, tibiocalcaneal and tibionavicular), Lateral collateral ligaments (Anterior talofibular, posterior talofibular and calcaneofibular)
Explain what happens during an A/P to the ankle joint.
Explain the ClosePpacked position of the ankle.
maximal dorsiflexion
Why is the longitudinal stretch for Soleus different from the longitudinal stretch of Gastrocnemius if they both plantaflex the ankle?
The gastrocnemius is a multi-joint muscle crossing the knee joint and ankle joint and plantarflexes when the knee is extended whereas soleus is a single joint muscle crossing the ankle only and plantarflexes the foot when the knee is flexed.
State the range of movement for dorsiflexion and state which muscles are involved in this movement.
Normal AROM 0-20o for dorsiflexions. The muscles involved are the tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus, extensor hallicus longus and Peroneus tertius.
Identify and explain the end feel for inversion and how this can contribute to your clinical reasoning.
Firm end feel. This would indicate the surrounding structures are intact, if there was a different end feel that may suggest some sort of ankle pathology such as ligament injury, induces pain.
Identify and explain which structures limit movement of ankle eversion.
Contact between the talus and calcaneus, tensions in the medial collateral ligaments,medial talocalcaneal ligament, medial joint capsule, tibalis posterior, flexor hallucis longus and flexor digitorum longus.
Identify and explain the attachments of tibialis posterior.
Identify and explain which structures lie in close proximity to the medial malleolus.
Talus apart of the talocrual joint (Ankle Joint), medial collateral/deltoid ligament
(anterior tibiotalar, posterior tibotalar, tibionavicular and tibiocalcaneal) which is a main stabilising feature of the ankle which limits increased foot eversion.
Tibialis anterior tendon (dorsiflexor and invertor), tibialis posterior muscle and tendon (Invertor and plantarflexor), flexor digitorum longus muscle and tendon (flexor of the lateral 4 toes), flexor hallicus longus muscle and tendon (Flexor of the big toe). Navicular and calcaneous. Flexor retinaculum which holds the tendons of flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallicus longus and tibialis posterior in position around the medial malleolus
When testing the ATFL which other structures are also under stretch
Posterior talofibular ligament and calcaneofibular ligament.
Peroneus longus and brevis tendons
Identify and explain which structures limit normal movement of inversion
Identify and explain the end feel concept for ankle planta flexion and how this can contribute to your reasoning
Identify and explain the attachments of tibialis anterior in detail
Explain what is meant by passive insufficiency
Identify and explain which structures limit normal movement of inversion.
Identify and explain the muscles involved in dorsiflexuion.
Identify and explain how shortness of gastrocnemius could affect active and passive movements at both the knee and the ankle joints.
Identify and explain the other structures that insert around the posterior talofibular ligament( PTFL)
Identify and explain the role of the tibialis posterior In inversion.
Identify and explain how shortness of tibialis anterior could affect active and passive movements at the ankle joint
Identify and explain normal and abnormal findings of talar tilt and how this can contribute to your reasoning
Talar tilt tests the amount of talar inversion present at the ankle mortise. A reduced or absent end-feel and clicking or clunking may indicate lateral ligament CFL injury.
Identify and explain which other structures may be under stretch with the anterior drawer test
