The Ankle and Foot Flashcards
movement possible at ankle
dorsiflexion/plantarflexion
inversion/eversion
abduction/adduction
toe flexion/extension
toe abduction/adduction
talocrural joint type and movement
synovial hinge joint
dorsiflexion and plantar flexion
function of the foot
base of support
adapt to uneven surfaces
shock absorber
propulsion
3 arches of the foot
medial arch
lateral arch
anterior transverse arch
where does the plantar vault contact the ground
head metatarsal I
head metatarsal V
calcaneal tuberosity
which bones is the medial arch made up of
calcaneus
talus
navicular
medial uniform
metatarsal I
which bones is the lateral arch made up of
calcaneus
cuboid
metatarsal V
which bones is the anterior transverse arch made of
5 heads of the metatarsals
how are arches stabilised?
shape of bones
strength of support
-short ligaments connecting adjacent bones
-long tissues spanning length of arch
-muscles pulling up on arch
parts of the gait cycle
heel strike
stance phase
heel off
toes off
where do movements of the hind foot occur?
subtalar joint (between calcaneus and talus)
where do movements of the forefoot occur?
mid tarsal joint (between talus and navicular/calcaneus and cuboid)
describe inversion and eversion
tri-planer
inversion: plantarflexion, adduction, supination
eversion: dorsiflexion, abduction, pronation
what movements occur at forefoot and hind foot in pronation movements (medial transfer of body weight)
forefoot: abduction, dorsiflexion, supination
hindfoot: adduction, plantarflexion, pronation
what movements occur at forefoot and hind foot in supination movements (lateral transfer of body weight)
forefoot: adduction, plantarflexion, pronation
hindfoot: abduction, dorsiflexion, supination
which muscles make up the anterior compartment and what movements do they produce?
tibialis anterior
extensor digitorum longus
extensor hallucis longus
fibulas longus
-adduction/abduction and pronation/supination at midfoot
which muscles make up the posterior compartment?
gastrocnemius
soleus
plantaris
popliteus
tibialis posterior
flexor digitorum longus
flexor hallicus longus
which muscles make up the lateral compartment?
fibularis longus
fibularis brevis
which muscles make up the dorsal intrinsic foot muscles?
extensor digitorum brevis
extensor hallicus brevis
dorsal interossei
which muscles make up the plantar intrinsic foot muscles?
1st layer: abductor hallicus, flexor digitorium brevis, abductor digiti minimi
2nd layer: quadratus plantae, lumbricals
3rd layer: flexor hallicus brevis, adductor hallicus, flexor digitorium minimi
4th layer: plantar interossei
tibialis anterior: origin, insertion, innervation, action
origin: lateral surface of tibia
inserts: base of metatarsal I
innervation:deep fibular nerve
actions: dorsiflexion, inversion
extensor digitorum longus: origin, insertion, innervation, action
origin:lateral condyle of fibula
inserts: middle and distal phalanges
innervation: deep fibular nerve
actions: dorsiflexion, eversion, extension of 4 lesser toes
extensor hallicus longus: origin, insertion, innervation, action
origin: middle of anterior fibula
inserts: phalanx of big toe
innervation: deep fibular nerve
actions: dorsiflexion, inversion, extension of great toe
fibularis longus: origin, insertion, innervation, action
origin: anterior fibula
inserts: base of metatarsal V
innervation: superficial fibular nerve
actions: plantarflexion, eversion
gastrocnemius: origin, insertion, innervation, action
origin: medial head from medial femoral condyle. lateral head from lateral femoral condyle
inserts: calcaneus
innervation: tibial nerve
actions: plantarflexion, (knee flexion)
plantaris: origin, insertion, innervation, action
origin: femur
inserts: calcaneus
innervation:
actions: plantarflexion, (knee flexion)
soleus: origin, insertion, innervation, action
origin: tibia and fibula
inserts: calcaneus
innervation: tibial nerve
actions: plantarflexion
popliteus: origin, insertion, innervation, action
origin: femur
inserts: tibia
innervation:
actions: unlocks knee
tibialis posterior: origin, insertion, innervation, action
origin: adjacent surfaces of tibia and fibula
inserts: bases of metatarsals 2,3,4
innervation: tibial nerve
actions: plantarflexion, inversion
flexor digitorum longus: origin, insertion, innervation, action
origin: tibia
inserts: phalanx of 4 lesser toes
innervation: tibial nerve
actions: plantarflexion, inversion, flexion of 4 lesser toes
flexor hallicus longus: origin, insertion, innervation, action
origin: fibula
inserts: phalanx of great toe
innervation: tibial nerve
actions: plantarflexion, inversion, flexion of great toe
extensor digitorum brevis: origin, insertion, innervation, action
origin: calcaneus
inserts: phalanx of middle 3 toes
innervation:
actions: toe 2-4 extension
extensor hallicus brevis: origin, insertion, innervation, action
origin: calcaneus
inserts: phalanx of great toe
innervation:
actions: extension of great toe
dorsal interossei: origin, insertion, innervation, action
origin: shafts of adjacent metatarsals
insert: phalanxes
innervation:
actions: abduction of toes
