The Ankle and Foot

Question 1

movement possible at ankle

Answer 1

dorsiflexion/plantarflexion
inversion/eversion
abduction/adduction
toe flexion/extension
toe abduction/adduction

Question 2

talocrural joint type and movement

Answer 2

synovial hinge joint
dorsiflexion and plantar flexion

Question 3

function of the foot

Answer 3

base of support
adapt to uneven surfaces
shock absorber
propulsion

Question 4

3 arches of the foot

Answer 4

medial arch
lateral arch
anterior transverse arch

Question 5

where does the plantar vault contact the ground

Answer 5

head metatarsal I
head metatarsal V
calcaneal tuberosity

Question 6

which bones is the medial arch made up of

Answer 6

calcaneus
talus
navicular
medial uniform
metatarsal I

Question 7

which bones is the lateral arch made up of

Answer 7

calcaneus
cuboid
metatarsal V

Question 8

which bones is the anterior transverse arch made of

Answer 8

5 heads of the metatarsals

Question 9

how are arches stabilised?

Answer 9

shape of bones
strength of support
-short ligaments connecting adjacent bones
-long tissues spanning length of arch
-muscles pulling up on arch

Question 10

parts of the gait cycle

Answer 10

heel strike
stance phase
heel off
toes off

Question 11

where do movements of the hind foot occur?

Answer 11

subtalar joint (between calcaneus and talus)

Question 12

where do movements of the forefoot occur?

Answer 12

mid tarsal joint (between talus and navicular/calcaneus and cuboid)

Question 13

describe inversion and eversion

Answer 13

tri-planer
inversion: plantarflexion, adduction, supination
eversion: dorsiflexion, abduction, pronation

Question 14

what movements occur at forefoot and hind foot in pronation movements (medial transfer of body weight)

Answer 14

forefoot: abduction, dorsiflexion, supination
hindfoot: adduction, plantarflexion, pronation

Question 15

what movements occur at forefoot and hind foot in supination movements (lateral transfer of body weight)

Answer 15

forefoot: adduction, plantarflexion, pronation
hindfoot: abduction, dorsiflexion, supination

Question 16

which muscles make up the anterior compartment and what movements do they produce?

Answer 16

tibialis anterior
extensor digitorum longus
extensor hallucis longus
fibulas longus
-adduction/abduction and pronation/supination at midfoot

Question 17

which muscles make up the posterior compartment?

Answer 17

gastrocnemius
soleus
plantaris
popliteus
tibialis posterior
flexor digitorum longus
flexor hallicus longus

Question 18

which muscles make up the lateral compartment?

Answer 18

fibularis longus
fibularis brevis

Question 19

which muscles make up the dorsal intrinsic foot muscles?

Answer 19

extensor digitorum brevis
extensor hallicus brevis
dorsal interossei

Question 20

which muscles make up the plantar intrinsic foot muscles?

Answer 20

1st layer: abductor hallicus, flexor digitorium brevis, abductor digiti minimi
2nd layer: quadratus plantae, lumbricals
3rd layer: flexor hallicus brevis, adductor hallicus, flexor digitorium minimi
4th layer: plantar interossei

Question 21

tibialis anterior: origin, insertion, innervation, action

Answer 21

origin: lateral surface of tibia
inserts: base of metatarsal I
innervation:deep fibular nerve
actions: dorsiflexion, inversion

Question 22

extensor digitorum longus: origin, insertion, innervation, action

Answer 22

origin:lateral condyle of fibula
inserts: middle and distal phalanges
innervation: deep fibular nerve
actions: dorsiflexion, eversion, extension of 4 lesser toes

Question 23

extensor hallicus longus: origin, insertion, innervation, action

Answer 23

origin: middle of anterior fibula
inserts: phalanx of big toe
innervation: deep fibular nerve
actions: dorsiflexion, inversion, extension of great toe

Question 24

fibularis longus: origin, insertion, innervation, action

Answer 24

origin: anterior fibula
inserts: base of metatarsal V
innervation: superficial fibular nerve
actions: plantarflexion, eversion

Question 25

gastrocnemius: origin, insertion, innervation, action

Answer 25

origin: medial head from medial femoral condyle. lateral head from lateral femoral condyle inserts: calcaneus innervation: tibial nerve actions: plantarflexion, (knee flexion)

Question 26

plantaris: origin, insertion, innervation, action

Answer 26

origin: femur inserts: calcaneus innervation: actions: plantarflexion, (knee flexion)

Question 27

soleus: origin, insertion, innervation, action

Answer 27

origin: tibia and fibula inserts: calcaneus innervation: tibial nerve actions: plantarflexion

Question 28

popliteus: origin, insertion, innervation, action

Answer 28

origin: femur inserts: tibia innervation: actions: unlocks knee

Question 29

tibialis posterior: origin, insertion, innervation, action

Answer 29

origin: adjacent surfaces of tibia and fibula inserts: bases of metatarsals 2,3,4 innervation: tibial nerve actions: plantarflexion, inversion

Question 30

flexor digitorum longus: origin, insertion, innervation, action

Answer 30

origin: tibia inserts: phalanx of 4 lesser toes innervation: tibial nerve actions: plantarflexion, inversion, flexion of 4 lesser toes

Question 31

flexor hallicus longus: origin, insertion, innervation, action

Answer 31

origin: fibula inserts: phalanx of great toe innervation: tibial nerve actions: plantarflexion, inversion, flexion of great toe

Question 32

extensor digitorum brevis: origin, insertion, innervation, action

Answer 32

origin: calcaneus inserts: phalanx of middle 3 toes innervation: actions: toe 2-4 extension

Question 33

extensor hallicus brevis: origin, insertion, innervation, action

Answer 33

origin: calcaneus inserts: phalanx of great toe innervation: actions: extension of great toe

Question 34

dorsal interossei: origin, insertion, innervation, action

Answer 34

origin: shafts of adjacent metatarsals insert: phalanxes innervation: actions: abduction of toes