The Ankle and Foot Flashcards

1
Q

movement possible at ankle

A

dorsiflexion/plantarflexion
inversion/eversion
abduction/adduction
toe flexion/extension
toe abduction/adduction

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2
Q

talocrural joint type and movement

A

synovial hinge joint
dorsiflexion and plantar flexion

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3
Q

function of the foot

A

base of support
adapt to uneven surfaces
shock absorber
propulsion

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4
Q

3 arches of the foot

A

medial arch
lateral arch
anterior transverse arch

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5
Q

where does the plantar vault contact the ground

A

head metatarsal I
head metatarsal V
calcaneal tuberosity

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6
Q

which bones is the medial arch made up of

A

calcaneus
talus
navicular
medial uniform
metatarsal I

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7
Q

which bones is the lateral arch made up of

A

calcaneus
cuboid
metatarsal V

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8
Q

which bones is the anterior transverse arch made of

A

5 heads of the metatarsals

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9
Q

how are arches stabilised?

A

shape of bones
strength of support
-short ligaments connecting adjacent bones
-long tissues spanning length of arch
-muscles pulling up on arch

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10
Q

parts of the gait cycle

A

heel strike
stance phase
heel off
toes off

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11
Q

where do movements of the hind foot occur?

A

subtalar joint (between calcaneus and talus)

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12
Q

where do movements of the forefoot occur?

A

mid tarsal joint (between talus and navicular/calcaneus and cuboid)

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13
Q

describe inversion and eversion

A

tri-planer
inversion: plantarflexion, adduction, supination
eversion: dorsiflexion, abduction, pronation

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14
Q

what movements occur at forefoot and hind foot in pronation movements (medial transfer of body weight)

A

forefoot: abduction, dorsiflexion, supination
hindfoot: adduction, plantarflexion, pronation

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15
Q

what movements occur at forefoot and hind foot in supination movements (lateral transfer of body weight)

A

forefoot: adduction, plantarflexion, pronation
hindfoot: abduction, dorsiflexion, supination

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16
Q

which muscles make up the anterior compartment and what movements do they produce?

A

tibialis anterior
extensor digitorum longus
extensor hallucis longus
fibulas longus
-adduction/abduction and pronation/supination at midfoot

17
Q

which muscles make up the posterior compartment?

A

gastrocnemius
soleus
plantaris
popliteus
tibialis posterior
flexor digitorum longus
flexor hallicus longus

18
Q

which muscles make up the lateral compartment?

A

fibularis longus
fibularis brevis

19
Q

which muscles make up the dorsal intrinsic foot muscles?

A

extensor digitorum brevis
extensor hallicus brevis
dorsal interossei

20
Q

which muscles make up the plantar intrinsic foot muscles?

A

1st layer: abductor hallicus, flexor digitorium brevis, abductor digiti minimi
2nd layer: quadratus plantae, lumbricals
3rd layer: flexor hallicus brevis, adductor hallicus, flexor digitorium minimi
4th layer: plantar interossei

21
Q

tibialis anterior: origin, insertion, innervation, action

A

origin: lateral surface of tibia
inserts: base of metatarsal I
innervation:deep fibular nerve
actions: dorsiflexion, inversion

22
Q

extensor digitorum longus: origin, insertion, innervation, action

A

origin:lateral condyle of fibula
inserts: middle and distal phalanges
innervation: deep fibular nerve
actions: dorsiflexion, eversion, extension of 4 lesser toes

23
Q

extensor hallicus longus: origin, insertion, innervation, action

A

origin: middle of anterior fibula
inserts: phalanx of big toe
innervation: deep fibular nerve
actions: dorsiflexion, inversion, extension of great toe

24
Q

fibularis longus: origin, insertion, innervation, action

A

origin: anterior fibula
inserts: base of metatarsal V
innervation: superficial fibular nerve
actions: plantarflexion, eversion

25
gastrocnemius: origin, insertion, innervation, action
origin: medial head from medial femoral condyle. lateral head from lateral femoral condyle inserts: calcaneus innervation: tibial nerve actions: plantarflexion, (knee flexion)
26
plantaris: origin, insertion, innervation, action
origin: femur inserts: calcaneus innervation: actions: plantarflexion, (knee flexion)
27
soleus: origin, insertion, innervation, action
origin: tibia and fibula inserts: calcaneus innervation: tibial nerve actions: plantarflexion
28
popliteus: origin, insertion, innervation, action
origin: femur inserts: tibia innervation: actions: unlocks knee
29
tibialis posterior: origin, insertion, innervation, action
origin: adjacent surfaces of tibia and fibula inserts: bases of metatarsals 2,3,4 innervation: tibial nerve actions: plantarflexion, inversion
30
flexor digitorum longus: origin, insertion, innervation, action
origin: tibia inserts: phalanx of 4 lesser toes innervation: tibial nerve actions: plantarflexion, inversion, flexion of 4 lesser toes
31
flexor hallicus longus: origin, insertion, innervation, action
origin: fibula inserts: phalanx of great toe innervation: tibial nerve actions: plantarflexion, inversion, flexion of great toe
32
extensor digitorum brevis: origin, insertion, innervation, action
origin: calcaneus inserts: phalanx of middle 3 toes innervation: actions: toe 2-4 extension
33
extensor hallicus brevis: origin, insertion, innervation, action
origin: calcaneus inserts: phalanx of great toe innervation: actions: extension of great toe
34
dorsal interossei: origin, insertion, innervation, action
origin: shafts of adjacent metatarsals insert: phalanxes innervation: actions: abduction of toes