The Ankle Flashcards
Describe the osteology and features of the ankle joint
Describe how to shape of the cartilage on the talus affects function and stability
Syndesmosis between fibula and tibia
Synovial joint between tibia, medial malleolus and talus
Mortise and tenon joint
Hyaline cartilage on talus
- Wide anterior, close to fibula and tibia
- Dorsiflexion => v stable
- Narrow posterior
- Plantarflexion => less stable
What are the angles of dorsiflexion and plantarflexion possible in the ankle joint
Dorsiflexion 20
Plantarflexion 40
Name the ligaments found on the posterior, lateral and medial side of the ankle joint
Which ones are more likely to rupture and why
Posterior
- Posterior talofibular ligament between talus and lateral malleolus
- Relaxes with lateral force => least likely to rupture
Lateral
- Anterior talofibular ligament between talus and lateral malleolus
- Most likely to rupture
- Calcaneofibular ligament between calcaneus and lateral malleolus
- Also likely to rupture
Medial
-Deltoid ligament between medial malleolus, talus and calcineus
Describe what happens in a force inversion injury
Oblique distal fibular fracture
Calcineofibular ligament rupture
Tatar tilt in Xrays
Describe what happens in a forced eversion injury
Medial malleolus fracture
Inferior syndesmosis dissociation
Oblique fibular fracture
What kind of joint is the ankle
What can it do
Hinge joint
Plantarflexion
Dorsiflexion
What are the other 2 joints found in the ankle
What movements are they capable off
Midtarsal joint
Subtalar joint
Eversion
Inversion
What muscles are involved in plantarflexion
Post leg compartment
- Gastrocnemius
- Soleus
- Plantaris
- Posterior tibialis
What muscles are involved in dorsiflexion
Anterior leg compartment
- Tibialis anterior
- Extensor hallucis
- Extensor digitorum longus
What are the 4 joints found in the forefoot
5 metatarsophalangeal
1 interphalangeal
4 proximal interphalangeal
4 distal interphalangeal
