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Limbs > Shoulder Region and Arm II > Flashcards

Shoulder Region and Arm II Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the structure of the glenohumeral joint articulation (ball and socket synovial)

A

Subacromial bursa (pads shoulder tips) under acromion and clavicle

3 Fibrous capsule covers synovial membrane and joint cavity, 2 attach to scapula, 1 attaches to inferior glenoid labrum

Articular hyaline cartilage covers humerus head and glenoid cavity

Glenoid labrum deepens shallow glenoid cavity

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2
Q

What are the 4 ligaments found around the glenohumeral joint

A

Coracoclavicular ligament (trapezius and coracoid)

Acromioclavicular ligament

Coracoacromial ligament (no movement here)

Glenohumeral ligament (sup, middle, inf)

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3
Q

Movements at the glenohumeral joint

Angles of movements at the glenohumeral joint

A

Flexion, extension
Medial, lateral rotation
Adduction, abduction
Circumduction

180 in total
120 at GH joint + 60 lateral rotation of scapula

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4
Q

Name the anterior axioappendicular muscule

A

Pectoralis major

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5
Q

What are the

  • attachments
  • innervations
  • actions of the anterior axioappendicular

-Pectoralis major

A
  • Clavicle, manubrium, sternum, CC => medial side of ant tubercle
  • Lateral, medial pectoral nerves
  • Adducts, medially rotates upper arm
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6
Q

Describe Poland’s syndrome

A

Uni/bilateral hypotrophic pectoralis major

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7
Q

Name the 2 deep axioappendicular muscles

A

Pectoralis minor

Subclavius

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8
Q

What are the

  • attachments
  • innervations
  • actions of the deep axioappendicular
  • Pectoralis minor
  • Subclavius
A

Pectoralis minor

  • Coracoid process => R3-5
  • Medial pectoral nerve
  • Stabilises scapula

Subclavius

  • Clavicle => R1
  • Subclavius nerve
  • Protects underlying nerves, vessels
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9
Q

Name the lateral glenohumeral joint muscle

A

Deltoid

  • Clavicular part
  • Acromium part
  • Spinous part
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10
Q

Describe the

  • attachments
  • innervations
  • actions of the lateral GHJ muscle

-deltoid

A
  • Clavicle, acromium, scapular spine => deltoid tuberosity
  • Axillary nerve
  • Clavicular part, flex, med rot
  • Acromial part, abducts
  • Spinous part, extends, lat rot
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11
Q

Name the 4 posterior glenohumeral joint muscles

A

Supraspinatus
Infrspinatus
Teres minor
Teres major

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12
Q

Describe the

  • attachments
  • innervations
  • actions of the posterior GHJ muscles
  • supraspinatus
  • infraspinatus
  • teres minor
  • teres major
A

Supraspinatus

  • suprapinatus fossa => greater tuberosity
    -suprascapular nerve
  • initiates abduction

Infraspinatus

  • Infraspinous fossa => post humerus head
  • Suprascapular nerve
  • lat rot

Teres major

  • Lateral scapula => inter tubercular sulcus
  • lower subscapular nerve
  • med rot

Teres minor

  • Lateral scapula => greater tubercle
  • axillary nerve
  • lat rot
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13
Q

Name the anterior glenohumeral joint muscle

A

Subscapularis

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14
Q

Describe the

  • attachments
  • innervations
  • actions of the anterior GHJ muscle

-subscapularis

A
  • Subscapular fossa => lesser tubercle
  • Upper and lower subscapular
  • med rot
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15
Q

Name the 4 muscles in the rotator cuff

What is its function

A 
From posterior => anterior
Teres minor
Infraspinatus
Supraspinatus
Subscapularis

Stabilise joint around head of humerus

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16
Q

What happens in a shoulder dislocation
Which type of dislocation is more common
How do you treat a dislocated shoulder

A

Anterior more common than posterior

Pain, numbness if nerves affected

Initial immobilisation => reduce pain and nerve damage

Surgery may be needed for repair of labrum/ligamnets

17
Q

What happens if the supraspinous tendon tears

A

The rotator cuff is injured around the humerus head

18
Q

What happens if there is an impacted humerus fracture

A

Shaft impacted by head

-Impaction, broken ends of bone jammed together by force of injury

19
Q

Describe an avulsion fracture of the head of the humerus

A

Greater tubercle pulled away due to supraspinatus muscle

20
Q

Describe the compartments found in the arm and forearm and their associated action

A

Anterior comp surrounded by deep fascia
-Flexors
Posterior comp surrounded by deep fascia
-Extensors

Intermuscular septum in between

21
Q

Name the 3/4 muscles found in the anterior compartment of the arm

A

Biceps brachii (LH and SH)
Coracobrachialis
Brachialis

22
Q

Describe the

  • attachments
  • innervations
  • actions associated with the anterior arm compartment
  • Biceps brachii (LH and SH)
  • Coracobrachialis
  • Brachailis
A 
Biceps brachii (LH)
-Supraglenoid tubercle => radial tuberosity

Biceps brachii (SH)

  • Coracoid process => radial tuberosity
  • Muscualocutaneous nerve
  • Supinates and flexes forearm, stabilises shoulder

Coracobrachialis

  • Coracoid process => medial humerus
  • Musculocutaneous nerve
  • Adducts, flexes, stabilises shoulder

Brachialis

  • Humerus=> ulnar tuberosity
  • Musculocutaneous nerve
  • Forearm flex, no shoulder movement
23
Q

Name the 1/3 muscles found in the posterior arm compartment

A

Triceps brachii (MH, LatH, LongH)

24
Q

Describe the

  • attachments
  • innervations
  • actions associated with the posterior arm compartment

-Triceps brachii (MH, LatH, LongH)

A 
Triceps brachii (MH)
-Medial humerus => olecranon
Triceps brachii (LatH)
-Lateral humerus => olecranon

Triceps brachii (LongH)

  • Infraglenoid tubercle => olecranon
  • Radial nerve
  • Forearm extensor

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