THE ANIMAL KINGDOM Flashcards
What is the division of labor
cells in animals performing specific tasks
Actions for survival
Feeding
Respiration
Internal Transport
Excretion
Response
Movement
Reproduction
Does not move
sessile
Moves
Motile
Direct Developement
Minature version of adult
Indirect Developement
Undergoes a big change during lifetime
What can skeleton be made out of
Bone (Calcium Carbonate), Chitin, Cartilage
Internal and External Skeletons are called what
Endoskeleton, Exoskeleton
3 types of body symmetry
Bilateral Symmetry, Radial symmetry, Asymmetry
Use of appendage
used for movement, feeding, sensing
Body Segmentation meaning
Body is divided into distinct segments, each with specific functions
Tentacles defenition
flexible extensions around the mouth
Name for Porifera
Sponges
how many layers are on a porifera. what is the name of the two
2, ecto and endoderm
What level of organization does a sponge possess
cellular leve, no tissue, organs, or systems
where do sponges live
freshwater or marine
Osculum
huge hole on top, expels waste
Hermaphrodite
both male and female cells
Collar Cells
Food sticks to and is abosrbed through these cells
Amebocytes
Builds spicules/spongin from either calcium carbonate or silica
Gemmules
Structures produced in response to cold weather
2 ways of reproduction for a sponge
spawning, budding
How do sponges feed
Sponges feed by filtering water, trapping particles and digesting nutrients
How do sponges defend themselves
They produce compounds that are toxic to other organisms
Why are sponges useful?
Take out bacteria from the water, filters out excess nitrogen that can harm the environment, breaks down old shells, humans use it for bathing, cleaning, used in medicine.
THE CNIDARIANS (give examples)
Jellyfish, Hydra, Anemones
Cnidarians are the first…
Animals to move and become active predators, to have nerves (around the mouth)
How many tissue layers, name
3, endoderm, mesoglea, and ectoderm
Cnidoblast
Stinging cell of jellyfish, contains nematocyst (threaded barb thing)
Can it move on its own?
it has basic muscles to undulate
gastrovascular cavity
Cavity for food digestion
How do Cnidarians digest
produces enzymes that can digest large prey. Eliminates waste through diffusion
cnidarians reproduction
both sexual (medusa relasing gametes) and asexual (budding)
Class Hydrozoa
Ex. Hydra, Portugese man o war
Properties of class hydrozoa
polyp is usually dominant
mostly marine
most are male or female (some hermaohrodites)
colonial or solitary
Class Scyphozoa
Ex. Jelllyfish
Properties of class scyphozoa
Medusa Dominant
Entierly marine (saltwater)
Class anthazoan
Sea anemones and corals
Properties of class anthazoan
Only polyp form
Sessile
rely on symbionts for food (symbiotic relationship)
Coral produces calcium carbonate skeleton
Phylum Platyhelminthes
Ex. Flatworms
Properties of Platyhelminthes
Lives in fresh or salt water
First to show formation of head (cephization)
3 layers (ecto, endo, and mesoderm)
first with basic organ systems
What are planaria?
Free living living flatworms, under phylum platyhelmintes
class turbellaria
Free living freshwater wormj
Properties of turbellaria
1-6 cm, no body cavity
simple brain, two nerve cords
eyespots and auricles to detect ligth and chemicals
Reproduction for turbellaria
Asexual (splits) and sexual reproduction (penis fencing)
Digestion for turbellaria
Mouth at middle of the body
pharynx
gastrovascular cavity
excess water pumped out through flame cells
Respiration for turbellaria
Gases diffuses through cell walls
Class trematoda
Ex. Blood Flukes
Properties of trematoda
internal parasites
suckers attach to host
well devloped life cycle
(CHINESE LIVER FLUKE, REMEMBER)
Class cestoda
Ex. Tapeworm
Properties of cestoda
All parasitic
eats a lot, grows a lot
latches on with sharp hooks
absorbs nutrients through body walls
well developed reproductive systems
poorly developed digestive and nervous systems
PHYLUM NEMATODA
AKA roundworms
Nematoda are the first to have…
Fully developed digestive systems
Properties of the phylum nematoda
2 openings, mouth and anus, for continuous eating
have ganglia, but no brain
senses chemicals from prey and hosts
hermaphrodites
uses diffusion for respiration
NEMATODA ARE MOSTLY FREE LIVING, BUT SOME ARE PARASITIC
complicated lifecycle, may need more than 1 host
has an organ bag, aka a pseudocoelom
