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geography A-level OCR > The Amazon Rainforest > Flashcards

The Amazon Rainforest Flashcards

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1
Q

how many tonnes of carbon store in the amazon rainforest

A

100 billion

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2
Q

store or sink

A

sink

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3
Q

how much carbon is stored in above ground biomass

A

60%

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4
Q

how much NNP does Amazonia account for in all terrestial econsystems

A

15-25%

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5
Q

3 physical factors that effect stores and flow of water

A
  1. geology
  2. relief
  3. temperature
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6
Q

where is the rainforest

A

south America and it occupies 6 million km2
70% of the forest is in brazil but there are also parts in peru, Colombia and ecudaor.

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7
Q

4 key climate features

A
  • high temp between 20-30 degrees c
    -small seasonal variations
    -high rainfall and humidity
  • no dry season
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8
Q

what type of rainfall falls all year around

A

convectional

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9
Q

what persentage of percptation in Amazonia is recycled by evapotransporation

A

50-60%

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10
Q

how much carbon do large forest trees store

A

180 tonnes c/ha + 40 c/ha tonnes in their roots

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11
Q

how much carbon does the amazon rainforest absorb every year

A

24 billion tonnes a year

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12
Q

are rates of carbon fixation through photosysnthsis high or low

A

high

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13
Q

deforestation per year since…

A

17,5000km2 per year since 1970-3013

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14
Q

how much of the primary forest has been destroyed since 1970

A

almost 1/5

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15
Q

when were the flood in the Mandirel River

A

april 2014

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16
Q

how many people died in the mandirel floods

A

60

17
Q

how many people got evacuated in the manaderial floods

A

68,000

18
Q

why did the mandirel flood happen?

A

human activity has modified flows and stores in the maderia drainage basin
- deforestation for farming

19
Q

how does precipitation effect the water cycle?

A

high intensity convectional rainfall, interception by forest trees high all year round
intercepted rain accounts for 25% of all evapotranporation

20
Q

how does evapotransportaion effect the water cycle?

A

high rates, 50% of incoming rainfall is returned to the atmosphere by evapotranspiration

21
Q

how does the run off effect the water cycle?

A

rapid run off related to high rainfall

22
Q

how does the atmosphere effect the water cycle?

A

high temprture mean that the atmosphere stores a large amount of water, relitive and absolute humidity is high

23
Q

how does soil and ground water effect the water cycle?

A

abundent rainfall and deep tropical soil leads to high water storage in soil and aqafaries

24
Q

how does vegitation effect the water cycle?

A

trees play a crucial role in absorbing and storing water from the soils and restoring it through transporation

25
Q

net primary productivity (carbon)

A

2500 g/m2/ per year

26
Q

how much carbon does the forest store each year

A

24 billion tonnes

27
Q

how fast are the exchanges between the atmosphere, biosphere and soil

A

rapid

28
Q

genreal about deforestation

A

present day deforestation is the most severe in tropical rainforest
deforestation exhausts the carbon biomass store

29
Q

how are they improving agrictultrel techniques in the rainforest

A

farming - main source of deprivation, low fertility of the soil ment that permanent circulation is unsustainable

  • diversification, soil fertility can be maintained by rotational crops
  • integration, integrated crops and livestock could also allow an increase in productivity and help slow down the rate of deforestation

human enjeneered soil - so called dark soil, made from inputs of charcoal, waste and manure, this soil attracts fungi, micro organisms, and this allows the soil to maintain its fertility in the long run

30
Q

how much rainforest is brazil committed to restoring by 2030 -

A

120,000km2

31
Q

what are the three categories of strategy

A
  • protection through legislation of large expanses that have so far been untouched
  • peodjects to reforest degrade or destroyed areas through the use of sustainable farming, cattle ranching, logging and mining

-improving agricultural techniques to make permanent cultivation possible

32
Q

how does the atmosphere effect the water cycle?

A

high temperature in the atmosphere means that large amounts of water are stored (absolute humidity is high) relative humidity is also high

geography A-level OCR (12 decks)

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