coasts genrel

Question 1

5 costal sediment sources

Answer 1

rivers and streams
cliff erosion
off shore sandbanks
estries
biological (coral fragments and shells)

Question 2

5 features of a sediment cell

Answer 2

varying in size
area of coatsline srprating each other
closed system
inputs and outputs balanced
boundries and headlands

Question 3

headlands and bays

Answer 3

inputs - geology, angle of dip, nature of waves, strength of wind

process - rate of erosion on rocks
wave refraction
erosion of headland

outputs - (what features are created) headlands and bays, erosional features of headland, differing features of bays

Question 4

how are wave cut platforms formed

Answer 4

1. high enery waves breack at foot of cliff
2. concentrated erosion at base
3. undercut cliff
4. wave cut notch
5. casues pressure on cliff above
6. collapse over time
7. cliff line retretes
8. craetes wave cut platfom
9. rough surfcaces, erosion reduced

Question 5

features of high energy waves

Answer 5

high energy waves = high erosive power
erosion exceeds deposition
atlantic coast

Question 6

landforms that are created from high energy envroments

Answer 6

headlands
cliffs
wave cut platforms

Question 7

features of low energy waves

Answer 7

deposition exceeds erosion

Question 8

constructive waves

Answer 8

LOW ENERGY
swash is stronger then backwash

Question 9

destructive waves

Answer 9

HIGH ENERGY
backwash is stronger then swash

Question 10

concordant coastline

Answer 10

parellel - same rock type runs along the whole coastline

Question 11

discordant coatsline

Answer 11

horizontal, altering bands of diffrent rock

Question 12

traction

Answer 12

big rocks rolling

Question 13

saltation

Answer 13

medium rocks bouncing

Question 14

suspension

Answer 14

small rocks floating

Question 15

solution

Answer 15

dissolved sediment

Question 16

what effects rates of erosion

Answer 16

• wave steepness and breaking point
• waves breaking at foot of cliff and releasing more energy
• fetch
  -sea depth ( if the sea becomes deep quickly then this this creates high energy waves, if sea bed was flatter then they would lose energy over time
  -coastal configuration
  -beach presence (beaches absorb energy)

Question 17

marine coastal erosional process

Answer 17

• hydraulic action
• abrasion of collision
  -attrition
  -solution

Question 18

hydraulic action

Answer 18

force or impact of water on rocks
weakness rock surface

Question 19

abrasion or collosion

Answer 19

things that are carried by the sea e.g sand shillgels and bolders, material in the sea that wears away the rock

Question 20

attrition

Answer 20

rocks in the sea carrying out erosion, worn down into smaller peices

Question 21

solution

Answer 21

dissolving of calcium based rocks
happens in areas where fresh water mixes with sea water

Question 22

geomorphical procsess

Answer 22

subaerial
marine
weathering

Question 23

subarial

Answer 23

oprates on land but shapes the coatsline

Question 24

emergent landforms

Answer 24

raised beaches - formed when the sea levels where higher then they are now
raised beaches are former wave cut platfoms

Question 25

submergant landforms

Answer 25

Rias and Fjords

Question 26

Rias

Answer 26

floodplains vanish benth rising sea water
RISING SEA LEVELS DOROWN RIVRER VALLYS
vallys filled with sea water

Question 27

Fjords

Answer 27

DROWNED GALCIAL VALLYS
streightm narrow and steap sides
not the deepest at the mouth

Question 28

longshore drift

Answer 28

waves hitting at a angle, pulling back, removing sediment e.g sand, sand is being moved along the beach in the direction of prevailing wind

whats used to prvent - groynes

Question 29

source of costal sediment

Answer 29

terrestrial
weathering and mass movemnt
biological
marine erosion

Question 30

terrestrial

Answer 30

fluvial deposition
river transport sediment obtained via erosion, weathering and mass movement along the course of the river and deposites it along the coats