iceland E16

Question 1

Iceland HDI

Answer 1

0.959

Question 2

Iceland GNI

Answer 2

$35,000

Question 3

iceland plate boundary

Answer 3

constructive

Question 4

which plates are meeting?

Answer 4

eurasian and North American

Question 5

what is iceland part of?

Answer 5

mid Atlantic ridge

Question 6

what type of volcano is it?

Answer 6

stratovolcano, composite volcano made from layers of solidified lava ash and other tephra

Question 7

last eruptions -

Answer 7

1821
march - 2010
April/may - 2010
June - 2010

Question 8

key info

Answer 8

its caldera was covered in large ice caps incraesing its explosively, on a large glacier

Question 9

VEI

Answer 9

3

Question 10

why did it have such a large impact (3 reasons)

Answer 10

winds blowing towards Europe
very fine ash being carried
39 day eruption

Question 11

primary effects

Answer 11

ash blocked sun
european airspace at a standstill
airlines losing around £130m a day-this lead to a fall in shares prices between 2-3%
imports and exports effected

Question 12

secondary effects

Answer 12

sporting events cancelled
flash floods from the glacier menlting stopped imports
instrustry were effected due to the lack of ra materials being imported
local water supplies contaminated with floride

Question 13

international effects

Answer 13

impact reached as far as Kenya
farmers in Kenya laid of 5000 workers as flowers and veg were rotting in airports
kenyas flower industry lost £1.3m a day

Question 14

benefits

Answer 14

grounding of flights prevent 2.8m tonnes of co2 from entering the atmosphere
many different transport companies benefited such as euro star, 50,000 extra passengers
ash deposited in the north Atlantic triggers plankton boom, increasing biological activity
Icelands government forest campaign

Question 15

how was impact reduced

Answer 15

everyone was evacuated
European Red Cross provided volunteers, staff and other resources
Red Cross provided psychological support to many traumatised children
EU developed a integrated structure for air traffic mangament

Question 16

how fast is the plate moving

Answer 16

23mm per year

Question 17

impact on USA/ROME

Answer 17

closure of europes airline hubs, paralysed global airline travel
the norwegan priminster had to run his country from an Ipad while he was stuck in NYC

Question 18

how much less co2 was emmited due to lack of flights?

Answer 18

2.8 million tonnes

Question 19

local impact

Answer 19

-livestock had to be stored inside due to ash and fluride being distributed on the crops
-local population evacuated
-flooding on main roads however this was done so key bridges wern’t destroyed in the process
-fresh fish exports where badly effected and sufferd a huge loss of income

Question 20

global impacts

Answer 20

channel tunnel and ferise got lots fo extra business
-europe lost £2.6 billion GDP with a drop in airline passangers of 11.7%
-happened in the easter holidays so disruption caused maximum impact
- organs couldn’t be delivered
-people using social media platfomrs to ‘budy up’ and shre the cost of getting home from whereever they were stuck in

Question 21

VEI PHASE 1

Answer 21

1

Question 22

VEI PHASE 2

Answer 22

4

Question 23

How did the eruption occur?

Answer 23

as the plates move apart the magma fills the magma chamber below e-16, magam periodicly rises between the plates to emerge at the surface as basaltic lava flow

Question 24

how is the volcano composed?

Answer 24

altering layers of ash and lava for 1660m high

Question 25

what is produced in large amounts by the volcano?

Answer 25

tephra, solid rock, volcanic bombs, water vapour, co2, sulfer dioxide

Question 26

produced in smaller quantities by the volcano

Answer 26

hydrogen
carbon monoxide
hyrdrogen chloride
hydrogen fluride