iceland E16 Flashcards
Iceland HDI
0.959
Iceland GNI
$35,000
iceland plate boundary
constructive
which plates are meeting?
eurasian and North American
what is iceland part of?
mid Atlantic ridge
what type of volcano is it?
stratovolcano, composite volcano made from layers of solidified lava ash and other tephra
last eruptions -
1821
march - 2010
April/may - 2010
June - 2010
key info
its caldera was covered in large ice caps incraesing its explosively, on a large glacier
VEI
3
why did it have such a large impact (3 reasons)
winds blowing towards Europe
very fine ash being carried
39 day eruption
primary effects
ash blocked sun
european airspace at a standstill
airlines losing around £130m a day-this lead to a fall in shares prices between 2-3%
imports and exports effected
secondary effects
sporting events cancelled
flash floods from the glacier menlting stopped imports
instrustry were effected due to the lack of ra materials being imported
local water supplies contaminated with floride
international effects
impact reached as far as Kenya
farmers in Kenya laid of 5000 workers as flowers and veg were rotting in airports
kenyas flower industry lost £1.3m a day
benefits
grounding of flights prevent 2.8m tonnes of co2 from entering the atmosphere
many different transport companies benefited such as euro star, 50,000 extra passengers
ash deposited in the north Atlantic triggers plankton boom, increasing biological activity
Icelands government forest campaign
how was impact reduced
everyone was evacuated
European Red Cross provided volunteers, staff and other resources
Red Cross provided psychological support to many traumatised children
EU developed a integrated structure for air traffic mangament
how fast is the plate moving
23mm per year
impact on USA/ROME
closure of europes airline hubs, paralysed global airline travel
the norwegan priminster had to run his country from an Ipad while he was stuck in NYC
how much less co2 was emmited due to lack of flights?
2.8 million tonnes
local impact
-livestock had to be stored inside due to ash and fluride being distributed on the crops
-local population evacuated
-flooding on main roads however this was done so key bridges wern’t destroyed in the process
-fresh fish exports where badly effected and sufferd a huge loss of income
global impacts
channel tunnel and ferise got lots fo extra business
-europe lost £2.6 billion GDP with a drop in airline passangers of 11.7%
-happened in the easter holidays so disruption caused maximum impact
- organs couldn’t be delivered
-people using social media platfomrs to ‘budy up’ and shre the cost of getting home from whereever they were stuck in
VEI PHASE 1
1
VEI PHASE 2
4
How did the eruption occur?
as the plates move apart the magma fills the magma chamber below e-16, magam periodicly rises between the plates to emerge at the surface as basaltic lava flow
how is the volcano composed?
altering layers of ash and lava for 1660m high
what is produced in large amounts by the volcano?
tephra, solid rock, volcanic bombs, water vapour, co2, sulfer dioxide
produced in smaller quantities by the volcano
hydrogen
carbon monoxide
hyrdrogen chloride
hydrogen fluride
