The Ageing Process And Its Implications Flashcards

1
Q

Define Ageing

A

the time-related deterioration of the physiological functions necessary for survival and fertility.

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2
Q

Reasons for increase in the aging population

A

Breakthroughs in healthcare = increased life expectancy.

People choosing to have smaller families.
Falling birth rates:
Later marriages

Better education about contraceptives.
Increased number of women working

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3
Q

Geriatrics

A

branch of medicine which deals with the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of diseases specific to old age”.

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4
Q
A

geriatrics as “that branch of medicine which deals with the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of diseases specific to old age”.

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5
Q

Classification of aging

A

Objective
Subjective
Functionally

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6
Q

Concept of Aging

A

Chronologic aging
Biologic aging
Psychological aging
Social aging
Cognitive aging

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7
Q

What is chronological age

A

The actual amount of time a person has been alive

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8
Q

What is biological age/physiological age

A

The gradual deterioration of function characteristics of an individual as he advances in age

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9
Q

Psychological Age

A

Psychological changes including those involving mental functioning and personality that occurs as humans age

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10
Q

Social aging

A

Changes is roles and relationship both within their network of family and friends and in formal organizations such as workplace and house of worship

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11
Q

Cognitive Age

A

The gradual longitudinal changes in cognitive fxn that describes the aging process

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12
Q

Theories of Aging

A

Programmed Theory
Damage of error theory

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13
Q

Example of programmed theory

A

Endocrine theory
Program senescence theory
Immunological theory

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14
Q

Examples of Damage of error theory

A

Living Theory
Free radical theory
Cross-linking theory
Theory of error catastrophe
Somatic Mutation theory
Wear and tear theory

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15
Q

Other theories

A

Mitochondrial decline theory
Membrane theory aging

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16
Q

What a age-related changes

A

Physical changes related to normal aging are not disease

17
Q

Changes in the sensory system -Hearing

A

Inability to hear high frequency sounds
Leads to social isolation

18
Q

Visual changes in aging

A

Prebyopsis
Decrease ability to see close objects
Smaller pupil
Yellowness of the lens causes red and green color blindness
Decrease night vision

19
Q

Smell and taste

A

Usually minor until 70. Due to
Loneliness at meals
Unwilling/unable to cook
Dental problems
Financial barriers

20
Q

Brain and CNS

A

Till 80
Lag time of neuron transmission - slowness
2% decrease in brain volume
Changes in sleep cycle -
Intellectual functions/stored memory increases with age

21
Q

Muscles and bones

A

Loss of elasticity of connective tissue causes pain and impairment

22
Q

GIT

A

Decline number of gastric cells results in d. HCL d vitB12
D gastric and pancreatic enz d iron calcium and folic acid.
Hepatic blow flow, size and wt d
Constipation

23
Q

Skin Epidermis

A

Epidermis cells d 10%, thin
Rete-ridges of the dermal-epidermal jxn flatten out.
Wrinkles and sag
Less collage and elastin
D sebaceous and sweat glands
Toes and nails thicker and more difficult to cut + yellowish

24
Q

Heart/Circulatory system

A

Lipofuscin
Thicken of valves
Decrease pacemakers
Increase heart size

25
Blood vessels
Arteriosclerosis Atherosclerosis HBP Orthostatic Hyoptension due to baro receptor reduced sensitivity
26
Immune system
Decrease efficacy Increase autoimmune diseases Thymus atrophies Severe infection
27
Respiratory System
Less oxygen delivered to the bloodstream and reduced rate of blood flow. Number of cilia and level of activity reduces. Glandular cells reduces Cough reflex is blunted D secretory IgA in nose and lungs reduce ability to fight virus
28
Implications of Aging
Health Social Legal Economic
29
Health implications of aging
Multiple illness Increased healthcare expenditures
30
Legal implications of aging
Sexual abuse Financial abuse Neglect Emotional Abuse
31
Social implications of elderly
Social Isolation Loneliness Change in roles in the social circle Rejection loss of purpose Loss of Independence
32
Economic implications of Aging
Reduction of economic income Economic cost per reduction in work force