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FAMILY MEDICINE > The Ageing Process And Its Implications > Flashcards

The Ageing Process And Its Implications Flashcards

1
Q

Define Ageing

A

the time-related deterioration of the physiological functions necessary for survival and fertility.

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2
Q

Reasons for increase in the aging population

A

Breakthroughs in healthcare = increased life expectancy.

People choosing to have smaller families.
Falling birth rates:
Later marriages

Better education about contraceptives.
Increased number of women working

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3
Q

Geriatrics

A

branch of medicine which deals with the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of diseases specific to old age”.

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4
Q
A

geriatrics as “that branch of medicine which deals with the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of diseases specific to old age”.

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5
Q

Classification of aging

A

Objective
Subjective
Functionally

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6
Q

Concept of Aging

A

Chronologic aging
Biologic aging
Psychological aging
Social aging
Cognitive aging

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7
Q

What is chronological age

A

The actual amount of time a person has been alive

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8
Q

What is biological age/physiological age

A

The gradual deterioration of function characteristics of an individual as he advances in age

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9
Q

Psychological Age

A

Psychological changes including those involving mental functioning and personality that occurs as humans age

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10
Q

Social aging

A

Changes is roles and relationship both within their network of family and friends and in formal organizations such as workplace and house of worship

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11
Q

Cognitive Age

A

The gradual longitudinal changes in cognitive fxn that describes the aging process

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12
Q

Theories of Aging

A

Programmed Theory
Damage of error theory

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13
Q

Example of programmed theory

A

Endocrine theory
Program senescence theory
Immunological theory

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14
Q

Examples of Damage of error theory

A

Living Theory
Free radical theory
Cross-linking theory
Theory of error catastrophe
Somatic Mutation theory
Wear and tear theory

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15
Q

Other theories

A

Mitochondrial decline theory
Membrane theory aging

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16
Q

What a age-related changes

A

Physical changes related to normal aging are not disease

17
Q

Changes in the sensory system -Hearing

A

Inability to hear high frequency sounds
Leads to social isolation

18
Q

Visual changes in aging

A

Prebyopsis
Decrease ability to see close objects
Smaller pupil
Yellowness of the lens causes red and green color blindness
Decrease night vision

19
Q

Smell and taste

A

Usually minor until 70. Due to
Loneliness at meals
Unwilling/unable to cook
Dental problems
Financial barriers

20
Q

Brain and CNS

A

Till 80
Lag time of neuron transmission - slowness
2% decrease in brain volume
Changes in sleep cycle -
Intellectual functions/stored memory increases with age

21
Q

Muscles and bones

A

Loss of elasticity of connective tissue causes pain and impairment

22
Q

GIT

A

Decline number of gastric cells results in d. HCL d vitB12
D gastric and pancreatic enz d iron calcium and folic acid.
Hepatic blow flow, size and wt d
Constipation

23
Q

Skin Epidermis

A

Epidermis cells d 10%, thin
Rete-ridges of the dermal-epidermal jxn flatten out.
Wrinkles and sag
Less collage and elastin
D sebaceous and sweat glands
Toes and nails thicker and more difficult to cut + yellowish

24
Q

Heart/Circulatory system

A

Lipofuscin
Thicken of valves
Decrease pacemakers
Increase heart size

25
Q

Blood vessels

A

Arteriosclerosis
Atherosclerosis
HBP
Orthostatic Hyoptension due to baro receptor reduced sensitivity

26
Q

Immune system

A

Decrease efficacy
Increase autoimmune diseases
Thymus atrophies
Severe infection

27
Q

Respiratory System

A

Less oxygen delivered to the bloodstream and reduced rate of blood flow.
Number of cilia and level of activity reduces.
Glandular cells reduces
Cough reflex is blunted
D secretory IgA in nose and lungs reduce ability to fight virus

28
Q

Implications of Aging

A

Health
Social
Legal
Economic

29
Q

Health implications of aging

A

Multiple illness
Increased healthcare expenditures

30
Q

Legal implications of aging

A

Sexual abuse
Financial abuse
Neglect
Emotional Abuse

31
Q

Social implications of elderly

A

Social Isolation
Loneliness
Change in roles in the social circle
Rejection loss of purpose
Loss of Independence

32
Q

Economic implications of Aging

A

Reduction of economic income
Economic cost per reduction in work force

FAMILY MEDICINE (9 decks)

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