The Age of Revolution Flashcards
1
Q
True or False
The idea of the ‘divine right of kings’ states that the king’s power to rule comes from the people. ________
A
2
Q
True or False
During the Enlightenment, scholars discovered the laws of nature through observation and experiments. ________
A
3
Q
True or False
Enlightenment thinkers stated that people were born with certain ‘natural rights’, such as equality and liberty. ________
A
T
4
Q
True or False
Enlightenment thinker Locke proposed the idea of the ‘separation of powers’. ________
A
5
Q
True or False
According to the separation of powers, the powers of government should be divided among the legislature, the executive and the judiciary. ________
A
T
6
Q
True or False
Voltaire proposed that there should be a constitution to limit the power of the ruler. ________
A
T
7
Q
True or False
In the mid-17th century, the first academic journal was published in Europe. ________
A
T
8
Q
True or False
During the reign of Louis XIV, he made the Palace of Bastille the political centre of France. ________
A
9
Q
True or False
Before the French Revolution, about 98% of the French population belonged to the Third Estate.
A
T
10
Q
True or False
Louis XVI had sent troops to support Britain during the American Revolution. ________
A
11
Q
True or False
In face of the financial problems of France, Louis XVI hoped to make the Second Estate and Third Estate pay tax. ________
A
12
Q
True or False
In early 1789, a lot of people fled to Paris to find food and jobs. ________
A
T
13
Q
True or False
In May 1789, Louis XVI decided to hold the Estates-General in order to discuss voting reform. ________
A
14
Q
True or False
The First and Second Estates supported the voting system of ‘One Estate, One Vote’.
A
T
15
Q
True or False
The Tennis Court Oath claimed that political power belonged to the people and their representatives. ________
A
T
16
Q
True or False
The fall of the Bastille marked the start of the French Revolution. ________
A
T
17
Q
True or False
In August 1789, the National Constituent Assembly proclaimed the Tennis Court Oath. ________
A
18
Q
True or False
In October 1791, France became a constitutional republic. ________
A
19
Q
True or False
In February0 1792, Austria and Britain formed a coalition against France. ________
A
20
Q
True or False
France set up the First French Republic several months after the death of Louis XVI.
A
T
21
Q
True or False
After the death of Louis XVI, France entered the Reign of Terror. ________
A
T
22
Q
True or False
Napoleon was one of the leaders during the Reign of Terror. ________
A
23
Q
True or False
After the end of the Reign of Terror, France was ruled by the Consulate. ________
A
24
Q
True or False
Napoleon introduced the Code Napoleon to guarantee the rights of the people during his rule. ________
A
T
25
True or False
| Napoleon set up the First French Empire in 1804. ________
T
26
True or False
| Napoleon was defeated by Britain at the Battle of Lodi and was exiled then. ________
##F. Napoleon was defeated by Britain at the Battle of Waterloo and was exiled then.##
27
From the 11th century onwards, the Crusades and the Black Death led to the decline of _________________. Strong kings gradually rose.
##feudalism##
28
The idea of the ‘_________________’ stressed that the power of king came from God.
##divine right of kings##
29
The _________________ began in Europe between the late Renaissance and the start of the Enlightenment.
##Scientific Revolution##
30
Under the influence of the ‘laws of nature’, the Enlightenment thinkers stated that people were born with certain ‘_________________’, such as equality and liberty.
##natural rights##
31
The English Enlightenment thinker _________________ stated that the power of government came from the _________________, not from God.
##Locke; people##
32
Montesquieu proposed the idea of the ‘_________________’, which stated that powers should be divided among the three branches of government,
##separation of powers##
33
According to Montesquieu’s idea of the ‘separation of powers’, the powers of government should be divided among the _________________, the _________________ and the _________________.
##legislature / executive / judiciary##
34
The French Enlightenment thinker _________________ advocated that there should be a _________________ to limit the power of the ruler.
##Voltaire; constitution##
35
In the mid-17th century, the first _________________ was published in Europe and provided Europeans with information about the latest scientific knowledge, and political and social theories.
##academic journal##
36
France was a ____________ society in the 18th century.
##feudal##
37
The Third Estate of France had to perform various feudal services to the government, the ____________ and the ____________.
##Church / nobles##
38
In the 18th century, France fought against Britain in the ____________ War and supported ____________ in the American Revolution. Therefore its military expenditure was huge.
##Seven Years’; the United States##
39
In 1789, Louis XVI called the ____________ to discuss tax reform.
##Estates-General##
40
The Third Estate proposed changing the existing voting system ‘____________, One Vote’ to ‘____________, One Vote’ at the Estates-General.
##One Estate; One Head##
41
After its withdrawal from the Estates-General, the Third Estate set up the ____________ and made an oath at a ____________ nearby.
##National Assembly; tennis court##
42
On July 14, 1789, the people of Paris attacked ____________. The French Revolution started.
##the Bastille##
43
In August 1789, the National Constituent Assembly (formerly the ____________) proclaimed the ____________.
##National Assembly; Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen##
44
In October 1789, France became a ____________. The power of the king was limited by the constitution.
##constitutional monarchy##
45
In 1792, ____________ and Prussia formed a coalition against France. The ____________ started.
##Austria; French Revolutionary Wars##
46
In 1792, the ____________ ended the monarchy and set up the ____________ Republic.
##National Convention; First French##
47
Louis XVI was killed by ____________.
##guillotine##
48
After the death of Louis XVI, the Jacobins that was led by ____________ ruled France. France then entered a period called the ‘____________’.
##Robespierre; Reign of Terror##
49
After the end of the Reign of Terror, France was ruled by the ____________.
##Directory##
50
In 1799, Napoleon overthrew the Directory. He set up the ____________ and became the First ____________.
##Consulate; Consul##
51
In 1804, Napoleon set up the ‘____________’.
##First French Empire##
52
Historians called the wars that France fought under the rule of Napoleon ‘____________’.
##Napoleonic Wars##
53
In 1814, Napoleon was exiled to the island of ____________, and then ____________ next year.
##Elba; St. Helena##
54
```
To which aspect of change does the term ‘revolution’ in the French Revolution refer?
A. Judicial system
B. Political system
C. Economic system
D. Social system
```
B
55
```
Which of the following is NOT a reason why strong kings rose in Europe from the 15th century onwards?
A. The rise of wealthy classes
B. The demands of the people
C. The decline of feudalism
D. The decline of Church’s influence
```
A
56
Which of the following descriptions of the idea of ‘divine right of kings’ is correct?
A. The power of kings was greater than that of God and the people.
B. The power of kings was greater than that of God.
C. The power of kings came from God and the people.
D. The power of kings came from God.
D
57
Which of the following is NOT a feature of absolutism?
A. Absolute rulers used the idea of the ‘divine right of kings’ to justify their rule.
B. Absolute rulers had complete power over governments.
C. Absolute rulers maintained their rule by force.
D. Absolute rulers abolished the post of the Pope.
D
58
```
Which of the following descriptions match the nature of the Enlightenment the most?
A. It was a political movement.
B. It was an intellectual movement.
C. It was a scientific movement.
D. It was an artistic movement.
```
B
59
```
Who proposed the idea of the ‘right to revolt’?
A. Locke
B. Montesquieu
C. Voltaire
D. Rousseau
```
A
60
```
Who proposed the idea of the ‘separation of powers’?
A. Rousseau
B. Voltaire
C. Locke
D. Montesquieu
```
D
61
Which of the following is the main idea of Voltaire?
A. People have the right to overthrow the government which rules badly.
B. People have the right to put tyrant to death.
C. The power of government should be divided among three branches.
D. There should be a constitution to limit the power of the ruler.
D
62
Which of the following is NOT a reason why revolutionary ideas could spread rapidly?
A. The kings ordered their people to read academic journals.
B. Academic journals became popular.
C. Publishers were eager to translate the works of different Enlightenment thinkers.
D. Publishers were eager to publish the works of different Enlightenment thinkers.
A
63
Which of the following is NOT a main idea of Enlightenment thinkers?
A. They stated that all people were born equal and free.
B. They criticized absolutism.
C. They criticized the idea of the ‘divine right of kings’.
D. They proposed to abolish the monarchy.
D
64
```
Whose rule marked the heyday of absolutism in France?
A. Louis XIII
B. Louis XIV
C. Louis XV
D. Louis XVI
```
B
65
```
The French Revolution broke out during whose reign?
A. Louis XIV
B. Louis XV
C. Louis XVI
D. Napoleon
```
C
66
Which of the following descriptions of the French society before the French Revolution is correct?
A. French people were divided into four estates.
B. Nobles and clergy belonged to the First Estate and Second Estates respectively.
C. Commoners belonged to the First Estate.
D. About 98% of the French population were commoners.
D
67
```
Before the French Revolution, which estate did doctors and lawyers belong to?
A. The First Estate
B. The Second Estate
C. The Third Estate
D. The Four Estate
```
C
68
Which of the following was NOT a reason why France faced serious financial problems during the reign of Louis XVI?
A. Louis XVI supported the United States in the Seven Years’ War.
B. Louis XVI’s court lived luxuriously.
C. Tax income was greatly reduced because of natural disasters.
D. Tax officials were corrupt and pocketed government revenue.
A
69
```
What meeting was held by Louis XVI to discuss tax reform in May, 1789?
A. The Tax Assembly
B. The Estates-General
C. The National Assembly
D. The People Assembly
```
B
70
```
Louis XIV aimed to make which estate(s) pay tax through the Estates-General?
A. The First Estate
B. The Third Estate
C. The First and Second Estates
D. The Second and Third Estates
```
C
71
```
What organization was formed by the Third Estate after its withdrawal from the Estates-General?
A. The French Assembly
B. The Paris Assembly
C. The People Assembly
D. The National Assembly
```
D
72
Where did the Third Estate meet after the meeting hall of the National Assembly was closed?
A. A tennis court
B. The Palace of Versailles
C. The Bastille
D. The meeting hall of the Estates-General
□
A
73
Which incident led to the start of the French Revolution?
A. The fall of the Palace of Versailles
B. The fall of the Bastille
C. The closure of the meeting hall of the National Assembly
D. The closure of the meeting hall of the Estates-General
B
74
Which of the following documents was proclaimed by the National Constituent Assembly in August 1789?
A. The Oath of the Independence of Paris
B. The Oath of the Independence of France
C. The Tennis Court Oath
D. The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen
D
75
```
Which two countries formed a coalition against France in February 1792?
A. The United States and Britain
B. Britain and Prussia
C. Prussia and Austria
D. Austria and the United States
```
C
76
```
When did the French Revolutionary Wars start?
A. 1789
B. 1790
C. 1791
D. 1792
```
D
77
```
What was the name of the newly-formed French government in 1792?
A. The First French Republic
B. The Second French Republic
C. The First French Empire
D. The Second French Republic
```
A
78
```
Which period did France enter during 1793-1794?
A. The Republic Era
B. The Reign of Terror
C. The Empire Era
D. The Napoleonic Era
```
B
79
```
Who was the leader of the Jacobins?
A. Jacobin
B. Voltaire
C. Montesquieu
D. Robespierre
```
D
80
Which of the following descriptions of Robespierre is INCORRECT?
A. He was the leader of the Jacobins.
B. He oppressed anti-revolutionists in France.
C. He was guillotined.
D. His death marked the start of the First French Empire.
D
81
Which of the following descriptions of the Directory during 1795-1799 is INCORRECT?
A. It failed to resist the invasion of the anti-French coalition.
B. It existed before the Reign of Terror.
C. The Directory was formed by five people.
D. It was overthrown by Napoleon.
B
82
Which of the following descriptions of Napoleon is INCORRECT?
A. He introduced the Code of the French Republic.
B. He made himself emperor.
C. He overthrew the Directory.
D. He died on the St. Helena.
A
83
```
Which of the following nations had not been defeated by Napoleon?
A. Britain
B. Russia
C. Prussia
D. Austria
```
A
84
```
What policy was introduced by Napoleon to stop European countries from trading with Britain?
A. Scorched earth policy
B. Military Reform
C. Economic Reform
D. Continental System
```
D
85
```
Which of the following incidents marked the fall of Napoleon?
A. The Battle of Waterloo
B. The Russian Campaign
C. The Battle of Nations
D. The Peninsular War
```
A
86
```
Where did Napoleon flee to France in March, 1815?
A. Paris
B. Versailles
C. Elba
D. St. Helena
```
C
87
Matching
Column A Column B
(a) The Enlightenment □ (i) in the 17th and 18th centuries
(b) The Renaissance □ (ii) between the 14th and 17th centuries
(c) The Scientific Revolution □ (iii) around the 17th century
##(a)(i); (b)(ii); (c)(iii)##
88
Matching
Column A Column B
(a) Divine right of kings □ (i) were discoveries related to science
(b) Laws of nature □ (ii) stated that all people were born equal and free
(c) Natural rights □ (iii) stated that the power of king came from God
##(a)(iii); (b)(i); (c)(ii)##
89
Matching
Column A Column B
(a) Montesquieu □ (i) proposed the establishment of constitutional government
(b) Voltaire □ (ii) proposed the idea of the ‘separation of powers’
(c) Locke □ (iii) advocated that people had the right to revolt
##(a)(ii); (b)(i); (c)(iii)##
90
Matching
Column A Column B
(a) The National Assembly □ (i) proclaimed the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen
(b) The National Convention □ (ii) made the Tennis Court Oath
(c) The National Constituent Assembly □ (iii) set up the First French Republic
##(a)(ii); (b)(iii); (c)(i)##
91
Matching
Column A Column B
(a) The Jacobins □ (i) ruled France after the Reign of Terror
(b) The Consulate □ (ii) was set up by Napoleon
(c) The Directory □ (iii) ruled France during the Reign of Terror
##(a)(iii); (b)(ii); (c)(i)##
92
Matching
Column A Column B
(a) The Napoleonic Wars □ (i) France supported the United States during the American Revolution in order to take revenge on Britain
(b) The Seven Years’ War □ (ii) Napoleon was exiled to St. Helena after the war
(c) The Battle of Waterloo □ (iii) France had never defeated Britain
##(a)(iii); (b)(i); (c)(ii)##
93
Matching
Column A Column B
(a) Elba □ (i) Its fall marked the start of the French Revolution
(b) The Palace of Versailles □ (ii) Louis XIV made it the political centre of France
(c) The Bastille □ (iii) Napoleon was exiled to there in 1814
(d) St. Helena □ (iv) Napoleon was exiled to there in 1815
##(a)(iii); (b)(ii); (c)(i); (d)(iv)##
