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S.2 History > The Age of Machines > Flashcards

The Age of Machines Flashcards

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1
Q 
The Industrial Revolution began in the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
A.	early 18th century	
B.	mid-18th century
C.	early 19th century	
D.	mid-19th century
A

B

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2
Q 
The period in which the Industrial Revolution took place was called \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
A.	the Age of Reforms	
B.	the Age of Technology
C.	the Age of Machines	
D.	the Age of Discovery
A

C

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3
Q

Which of the following descriptions about the life in Europe before the Industrial Revolution was incorrect?
A. The main sources of power came from people, animals and wind.
B. Most people lived in towns.
C. Most people were farmers.
D. The domestic system was adopted in production.

A

B

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4
Q

Why did the Industrial Revolution start in Britain?
(1) Many farmers went to towns to look for work.
(2) Capital was accumulated.
(3) There was a huge increase in demand for goods.
(4) The working class emerged.
A. (1), (2)
B. (1), (2), (3)
C. (1), (3), (4)
D. (1), (2), (3), (4)

A

B

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5
Q

Which of the following descriptions about the workshop was incorrect?
A. The manufacturing process was divided into different steps.
B. Workers were grouped together to produce goods.
C. Its productivity was higher than that of the domestic system.
D. Machines were widely used in production.

A

B

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6
Q

Which of the following changes took place during the Industrial Revolution?
(1) The use of machines in industry and agriculture
(2) Many new discoveries in medicine
(3) The improvement in transportation and communication
(4) The creation of new social classes
A. (1), (4)
B. (1), (2), (4)
C. (1), (3), (4)
D. (1), (2), (3), (4)

A

D

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7
Q 
The \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ industry was the first industry to use machines.
A.	textile	
B.	clothing
C.	iron	
D.	ship building
A

A

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8
Q 
Which of the following marked the beginning of the Industrial Revolution?
A.	The Enclosure Movement
B.	The invention of the spinning jenny
C.	The invention of the flying shuttle
D.	The improvement of the steam engine
A

B

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9
Q 
Which of the following are incorrectly paired?
A.	James Watt－Steam engine
B.	Robert Fulton－Steamship
C.	Thomas Edison－Electric light bulb
D.	Wilhelm Roentgen－Radium
A

D

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10
Q 
The first car built with an internal combustion engine was made in \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
A.	Britain	
B.	France
C.	Germany	
D.	the U.S.
A

C

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11
Q 
Which of the following were related to the Agricultural Revolution?
(1)	Use of machines
(2)	Use of artificial fertilisers
(3)	Practice of crop rotation
(4)	Practice of scientific breeding of animals
A.	(1), (3)	
B.	(1), (2), (4)
C.	(1), (3), (4)	
D.	(1), (2), (3), (4)
A

D

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12
Q 
The Great Exhibition was held in \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ in the summer of 1851.
A.	Liverpool	
B.	Manchester
C.	Birmingham	
D.	London
A

D

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13
Q 
The impacts of the Industrial Revolution included:
(1)	Urbanisation
(2)	Beginning of the domestic system
(3)	Rise of socialism
(4)	Expansion of the West
A.	(1), (3)	
B.	(1), (2), (3)
C.	(1), (3), (4)	
D.	(1), (2), (3), (4)
A

C

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14
Q 
Which of the following are the changes brought about by the use of machines in industrial production?
(1)	The factory system
(2)	The domestic system
(3)	Mass production
(4)	Division of labour
A.	(1), (2), (3)	
B.	(1), (3), (4)
C.	(2), (3), (4)	
D.	(1), (2), (3), (4)
A

B

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15
Q

Which of the following was not a feature of the factory system?
A. Large machines were used.
B. Workers were employed to work together in a factory.
C. Division of labour was developed.
D. Productivity became lower.

A

D

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16
Q

After the Industrial Revolution, many people living in the countryside moved to towns because:
(1) There were more job opportunities in towns.
(2) Many farmers lost their jobs when machines were used in agriculture.
(3) The cost of living was lower in towns.
(4) The life in towns was much more comfortable.
A. (1), (2)
B. (1), (4)
C. (2), (3)
D. (2), (4)

A

A

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17
Q 
What problem was brought about by the Industrial Revolution?
1.	Long working hours
2.	Improvement of medicine
3.	Low wages
4.	Child labour			□
A.	(1), (2), (3)	
B.	(1), (2), (4)
C.	(1), (3), (4)	
D.	(1), (2), (3), (4)
A

C

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18
Q 
Which of the following belonged to the industrial-capitalist class?
(1)	Bankers
(2)	Farmers
(3)	Factory owners
(4)	Merchants
A.	(1), (2), (3)	
B.	(1), (3), (4)
C.	(2), (3), (4)	
D.	(1), (2), (3), (4)
A

B

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19
Q

Which of the following descriptions about the working class during the Industrial Revolution was incorrect?
A. They worked for the industrial-capitalist class.
B. They were protected by labour laws.
C. Most of them lived in slums.
D. Their working hours were very long.

A

B

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20
Q

Which of the following descriptions about the idea of socialism was incorrect?
A. It stated that the society should be ruled by the industrial-capitalist class.
B. It stated that the government should work for the interests of the working class.
C. It believed that wealth should be equally distributed.
D. It emphasised public ownership of all means of production.

A

A

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21
Q 
Karl Marx and \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ were the founders of communism.
A.	Edward Jenner	
B.	George Stephenson
C.	Wilhelm Roentgen	
D.	Friedrich Engels
A

D

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22
Q

What are the main ideas of the Communist Manifesto?
A. It attacks capitalism and describes how a family system could be set up.
B. It attacks capitalism and describes how a factory system could be set up.
C. It attacks capitalism and describes how a communist society could be set up.
D. It attacks capitalism and describes how a dictatorial society could be set up.

A

C

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23
Q

Which of the following was not a cause for the Western powers to expand overseas after the Industrial Revolution?
(1) They wanted to spread the Industrial Revolution overseas.
(2) They needed a large amount of raw materials and fuel for their industries.
(3) They needed overseas markets for their goods.
A. (1), (2)
B. (1), (3)
C. (2), (3)
D. (1), (2), (3)

A

C

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24
Q

From the mid-18th century onwards, there were rapid developments in agriculture, industry, transportation and science. This is called the _____________ Revolution. Since many machines were invented and used in production, the period after 1760 was also known as the Age of _____________.

A

Industrial; Machines

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25
Q

Before the Industrial Revolution, most people were _____________. There were also some craftsmen who made goods with simple tools in their home. This kind of production was called the _____________.

A

farmers; domestic system

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26
Q

The Industrial Revolution first took place in _______________ because it had a lot of raw materials and a large market.

A

Britain

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27
Q

In the 17th century, the _____________ took place in Britain. A large amount of farmland was enclosed for sheep farming. This increased the production of _____________ as raw material for the textile industry.

A

Enclosure Movement; wool

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28
Q

In 1733, John Kay invented the _____________, which increased the speed of weaving. In 1764, the _____________ was invented. This marked the beginning of the Industrial Revolution.

A

flying shuttle; spinning jenny

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29
Q

The _______________ industry was the first industry to use machines in production. _______________ became a new energy source to drive machines during the Industrial Revolution.

A

textile; Steam power

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30
Q

In 1769, a Scotsman named _____________ made a greatly improved steam engine. Steam power could be used to drive machines.

A

James Watt

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31
Q

In 1807, an American named _____________ invented the steamship. Thus, the journey time was shortened. In 1819, a steamship crossed the _____________ for the first time. Thus, travelling between Europe and America became possible.

A

Robert Fulton; Atlantic Ocean

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32
Q

A Scotsman named _____________ found a new method of building roads. Transport by land became faster and safer.

A

John McAdam

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33
Q

After the Industrial Revolution, roads were improved. For travelling, people could use _____________, _____________ and railways. Thus, long-distance travel became possible.

A

canals; steamships

34
Q

In 1879, an American named Thomas Edison made the first _____________. Soon, ____________ replaced steam power as the most important energy source.

A

electric light bulb; electricity

35
Q

The _______________ Revolution brought a lot of developments to agriculture. New inventions and methods increased the _______________ of food.

A

Agricultural; production

36
Q

In the field of agriculture, _____________ were used, and _____________ and scientific breeding of animals were practised. All these increased farming productivity.

A

artificial fertilisers; crop rotation

37
Q

The ___________ replaced the domestic system during the Industrial Revolution. Since many people went to towns to look for work, _____________ began in Europe.

A

factory system; urbanisation

38
Q

Under the factory system, a large number of workers were employed to work together in a factory to produce large amounts of goods. This was called _____________. Besides, _____________ was developed, under which every worker worked on only one part of the production process.

A

mass production; division of labour

39
Q

During the Industrial Revolution, two new social classes appeared. They were the _______________ and the _______________ .

A

industrial-capitalist class; working class

40
Q

The _____________ was a working class movement that broke out in Britain in the period 1838-1848. Workers demanded fewer _____________, higher _____________ and the right to vote.

A

Chartist Movement; working hours; wages

41
Q

The struggle of the working class gave rise to _____________ in the 19th century. Karl _____________ from Germany was one of the most famous radical socialists. He put forward the idea of _____________.

A

socialism; Marx; communism

42
Q

In 1848, Karl Marx and his friend, Friedrich _____________, published the _____________, which contains the main ideas of communism.

A

Engels; Communist Manifesto

43
Q

The Industrial Revolution led to the expansion of the West. In order to get cheap _____________ and overseas _____________, industrial powers expanded into Asia, Africa and America and set up large _____________.

A

raw materials; markets; colonial empires

44
Q

Robert Fulton‧ ‧He wrote the Communist Manifesto.
Pierre Curie ‧ ‧He invented the telephone.
James Hargreaves‧ ‧He invented the steamship.
Karl Marx‧ ‧He discovered radium.
Alexander Bell‧ ‧He invented the spinning jenny.

A

Robert Fulton - He invented the steamship.
Pierre Curie - He discovered radium.
James Hargreaves - He invented the spinning jenny.
Karl Marx - He wrote the Communist Manifesto.
Alexander Bell - He invented the telephone.

45
Q

George Stephenson ‧ ‧ He made the first electric light bulb.
Thomas Edison ‧ ‧ He invented ‘Rocket’.
James Watt ‧ ‧ He invented a vaccine against smallpox.
Edmund Cartwright ‧ ‧ He improved the steam engine.
Edward Jenner ‧ ‧ He invented the power loom.

A

George Stephenson - He invented ‘Rocket’.
Thomas Edison - He made the first electric light bulb.
James Watt - He improved the steam engine.
Edmund Cartwright - He invented the power loom.
Edward Jenner - He invented a vaccine against smallpox.

46
Q

John Kay ‧ ‧ He invented the chloroform.
James Simpson ‧ ‧ He discovered X-rays.
Wilhelm Roentgen ‧ ‧ He invented the flying shuttle.
Samuel Crompton ‧ ‧ He invented the water frame.
Richard Arkwright ‧ ‧ He invented the spinning mule.

A

John Kay - He invented the flying shuttle.
James Simpson - He invented the chloroform.
Wilhelm Roentgen - He discovered X-rays.
Samuel Crompton - He invented the spinning mule.
Richard Arkwright - He invented the water frame.

47
Q

Enclosure Movement ‧ ‧ Great changes took place in industry, science, technology and many other areas during the 18th and 19th centuries.
Industrial Revolution ‧ ‧ It took place in 17th-century Britain.
Domestic system ‧ ‧ It became the major mode of production during the Industrial Revolution.
Factory system ‧ ‧ Goods were made with simple tools in a household.
Urbanisation ‧ ‧ Many people living in the countryside moved to towns to look for work.

A

Enclosure Movement - It took place in 17th-century Britain.
Industrial Revolution - Great changes took place in industry, science, technology and many other areas during the 18th and 19th centuries.
Domestic system - Goods were made with simple tools in a household.
Factory system - It became the major mode of production during the Industrial Revolution.
Urbanisation - Many people living in the countryside moved to towns to look for work.

48
Q

True or False:

The Industrial Revolution took place in Europe and America during the 18th and 19th centuries.

A

True

49
Q

True or False:

The Industrial Revolution started in Britain, and then spread to other European countries and the U.S.

A

True

50
Q

True or False:

Before the Industrial Revolution, all goods were made in workshops.

A

False

51
Q

True or False:

The Enclosure Movement promoted the development of the textile industry in Britain.

A

True

52
Q

True or False:

During the Industrial Revolution, many people left towns and went to villages to look for jobs.

A

False

53
Q

True or False:

The voyages of discovery contributed to the occurrence of the Industrial Revolution.

A

True

54
Q

True or False:

During the Industrial Revolution, the heavy industry was the first industry to use machines in production.

A

False

55
Q

True or False:

John Kay invented the spinning jenny, which increased the speed of spinning.

A

False

56
Q

True or False:

The Industrial Revolution in Britain started with the textile industry.

A

True

57
Q

True or False:

The steamship was invented by an American called Robert Fulton.

A

True

58
Q

True or False:

In 1830, trains pulled by steam locomotives began to run on the railway line from Manchester to Liverpool.

A

True

59
Q

True or False:

A Scotsman named John McAdam found a new method of building roads.

A

True

60
Q

True or False:

By the late 18th century, electricity had become an important source of power.

A

False

61
Q

True or False:

In 1796, the vaccine against smallpox was invented by Wilhelm Roentgen.

A

False

62
Q

True or False:

James Simpson invented the chloroform, which was to be used in surgery.

A

True

63
Q

True or False:

The seed drill was invented in the 18th century.

A

True

64
Q

True or False:

During the Industrial Revolution, the whole process of production was done by machines.

A

False

65
Q

True or False:

Under the factory system, a large number of workers were employed to work together in a factory to produce large amounts of goods.

A

True

66
Q

True or False:

The Industrial Revolution started urbanisation in Europe.

A

True

67
Q

True or False:

The industrial-capitalist class and the working class were two opposing social classes.

A

True

68
Q

True or False:

Factory owners belonged to the working class.

A

False

69
Q

True or False:

Child labour was common during the Industrial Revolution.

A

True

70
Q

True or False:

In the early 19th century, there was not much improvement in workers’ conditions in Europe.

A

True

71
Q

True or False:

Workers demanded the right to vote in the Chartist Movement.

A

True

72
Q

True or False:

Communism is a kind of socialism.

A

True

73
Q

True or False:

Karl Marx believed that an equal society could be set up only when the socialist system was overthrown.

A

False

74
Q

True or False:

The Communist Manifesto was written by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels.

A

True

75
Q

True or False:

In order to get cheap raw materials and bigger markets, the U.S. expanded into Europe.

A

False

76
Q

True or False:

Since many industrial powers produced more than they needed, they set up colonies in order to get overseas markets for their goods.

A

True

77
Q

Before the Industrial ‧ ‧ Most people lived in villages.
Revolution ‧ Most people worked in the factories.
After the Industrial ‧ ‧ People travelled by train or steamship.
Revolution ‧ People travelled on foot or by carriage.
‧ The domestic system was the major mode of production.
‧ Urbanisation began.
‧ Most people were farmers.
‧ Electricity became the major energy source.
‧ Animals, water and charcoal were no longer the main sources of power and fuel.

A

Before the Industrial Revolution - Most people lived in villages. / People travelled on foot or by carriage. / The domestic system was the major mode of production. / Most people were farmers.

After the Industrial Revolution - Most people worked in the factories. / People travelled by train or steamship. / Urbanisation began. / Electricity became the major energy source. / Animals, water and charcoal were no longer the main sources of power and fuel.

78
Q

Industrial-capitalist class ‧ ‧ They were very wealthy.
Working class ‧ ‧ Their life was comfortable and luxurious.
‧ Their life was poor and hard.
‧ They had no rights in society.
‧ They owned the means of production, such as factories and mines.
‧ They supported the idea of communism.

A

Industrial-capitalist class - They were very wealthy. / Their life was comfortable and luxurious. / They owned the means of production, such as factories and mines.

Working class - Their life was poor and hard. / They had no rights in society. / They supported the idea of communism.

79
Q

Fulton ‧ ‧ He wrote the Communist Manifesto.
Pierre Curie ‧ ‧ He invented the telephone.
Hargreaves ‧ ‧ He invented the steamship.
Karl Marx ‧ ‧ He discovered radium.
Bell ‧ ‧ He invented the spinning jenny.

A

Fulton - He invented the steamship.

Pierre Curie - He discovered radium.

Hargreaves - He invented the spinning jenny.

Karl Marx - He wrote the Communist Manifesto.

Bell - He invented the telephone.

80
Q

Stephenson ‧ ‧ He made the first electric light bulb.
Edison ‧ ‧ He invented ‘Rocket’.
Watt ‧ ‧ He invented a vaccine against smallpox.
Cartwright ‧ ‧ He improved the steam engine.
Jenner ‧ ‧ He invented the power loom.

A

Stephenson - He invented ‘Rocket’.

Edison - He made the first electric light bulb.

Watt - He improved the steam engine.

Cartwright - He invented the power loom.

Jenner - He invented a vaccine against smallpox.

81
Q

John Kay ‧ ‧ He invented the chloroform.
Simpson ‧ ‧ He discovered X-rays.
Roentgen ‧ ‧ He invented the flying shuttle.
Crompton ‧ ‧ He invented the water frame.
Arkwright ‧ ‧ He invented the spinning mule.

A

John Kay - He invented the flying shuttle.
Simpson - He invented the chloroform.
Roentgen - He discovered X-rays.
Crompton - He invented the spinning mule.
Arkwright - He invented the water frame.

82
Q

Enclosure Movement ‧ ‧ Great changes took place in industry, science, technology and many other areas during the 18th and 19th centuries.
Industrial Revolution ‧ ‧ It took place in 17th-century Britain.
Domestic system ‧ ‧ It became the major mode of production during the Industrial Revolution.
Factory system ‧ ‧ Goods were made with simple tools in a household.
Urbanisation ‧ ‧ Many people living in the countryside moved to towns to look for work.

A

Enclosure Movement - It took place in 17th-century Britain.

Industrial Revolution - Great changes took place in industry, science, technology and many other areas during the 18th and 19th centuries.

Domestic system - Goods were made with simple tools in a household.

Factory system - It became the major mode of production during the Industrial Revolution.

Urbanisation - Many people living in the countryside moved to towns to look for work.

S.2 History (4 decks)

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