the Age of Nation-States

Question 1

the crimean war

Answer 1

1. russia desire to have territory in ottoman empire in black sea region
2. ottoman gives religious holy site to roman catholic church (upsets russia)
3. russia invades moldova and wallachia (claim they were protecting orthodox christians)

Question 2

Count Camillo Cavour

Answer 2

1. appointed by victor emmanuel II as primeminister
2. the head or mind
3. anti republic, feared giuseppe, for constitutional
4. achieve unification by: economic independent and prosperous and industrious
5. need to unify those who want unification (Nationalist Society)
6. Foreign intervention: especially france

Question 3

german unification

Answer 3

1. most important political event 1848-1914

2. achieved by conservative measure

Question 4

otto von bismarck

Answer 4

1. “iron chancellor” “old blood and iron”
2. ideas based on “the prince” ends justify means
3. realpolitik: realist
4. consitutional

Question 5

france-prussian war

Answer 5

1. south joined northern confederation
2. battle of sedan: france defeat; napoleon III captured, exile to england
3. treaty of frankfurt: wilhelm I is emperor of germany;
4. germany gets alsace and lorraine from france

Question 6

The dreyfus affair

Answer 6

1. jewish found guilty of passing secret info to german army
2. evidence was forged
3. brought different groups of liberals against conservatives

Question 7

dual monarchy (ausgleich)

Answer 7

1. ocober diploma: diet dominated by landed classes; want single imperial gov, rejected by magyar nobility of hungary
2. february patent: reichstrat appointed as upper chamber
3. austria excluded from german affairs; “ausgleich” habsburg into dual monarchy “austria-hungary”

Question 8

tsar alexander II

Answer 8

reform

1. social: abolish serfdom; redemption payment
2. administrative: communes (authority to elder) zemstvos (landlord or boyars)
3. judicial: equality before law
4. military
5. poland: russification (take over poland)

Question 9

william gladstone

Answer 9

1. father of british liberalism
2. institution opend to all; opportunities based on merit; secret ballets
3. education act: gov responsible for education; gained citizen loyalty

Question 10

Benjamin Disraeli

Answer 10

1. opposite of Gladstone
2. public health act: gov interfere with property to ensure well-being of citizens
3. artisan housing act: gov housing for growing working class