The Age of Enlightenment: 18th c. thoughts

Question 1

Francois-Marie Arouet “Voltaire”

Answer 1

1. Letter on the English: criticize France
2. Elements of Philosophy of Newton
3. Candide: optimistic view on life; critical of war and religious persecution

Question 2

David Hume

Answer 2

1. inquiry into human nature: evidence of supernatural is a joke

Question 3

Immanuel Kant

Answer 3

1. religion w/in limits of reason alone: religion need to encourage ppl to live virtuously

Question 4

Baruch Spinoza

Answer 4

1. ethics: god is nature and nature is god

Question 5

Moses Mendelsohn

Answer 5

1. jerusalem: encourage religious toleration

2. founder of reform judaism

Question 6

Adam Smith

Answer 6

1. wealth of a nation: abolish mercantilism; allow free enterprise
2. laissez-faire
3. four stage theory: hunting and gathering; herding; agricultural; commercial

Question 7

Charles de Montesquieu

Answer 7

1. spirit of the laws

2. separation of power: 3 branch of gov

Question 8

Jean Jacques Montesquieu

Answer 8

1. Discourse on orgin of inequality: industrialism bad; private property at fault; community/individuals
2. social contract

Question 9

Mary Wollstonecraft

Answer 9

1. a vindication of the rights of women: equality in all