The Age Of Mass Politics Flashcards
What was the German Empire like?
The Germans in Age of Empires III start off with fewer, but faster gathering villagers than other civilizations. They receive free Uhlans with every Home City Shipment though they require more experience points per shipment (the opposite of the Spanish). Their early age economy can easily be bolstered with their Settler Wagons which essentially do the work at the rate of two villagers. Although they are only available through the Home City in the beginning, they can later be trained at the mill with the Germantown Farmers card. This card also requires a level 25 Home City. Because the Germans always have Uhlans, they have strong cavalry and their late-developing army is diverse. The units you could have in a strong army of are; Skirmishers, Uhlans, Doppelsoldners, or a few powerful War Wagons. German cavalry is one of the strongest in the game, especially the War Wagon while the Uhlans have a mediocre HP but a devastating attack. Their cavalry can further be strengthened since they have over five shipments that can aid their combat ability. The Germans can also obtain free mercenary shipments long before any other civilization can.
What was the Third French Republic ?
The Third Republic was created following the Franco-Prussian War of 1870. In the aftermath of the war it was deemed necessary to hold elections to a national assembly which could authorize a formal, legitimate peace. Although the elections returned a largely monarchist Assembly, a Republican, Jules Grévy became its first President. Adolphe Thiers, elected by twenty six departements led the government. The Treaty of Frankfurt concluded the conflict; France ceded Alsace/Lorraine to Germany, and had to pay five million francs in war indemnities to the Germans, who partially occupied the country until the debt was paid. The Germans eventually left in September 1873. The emotional and psychological cost of the resolution may have hurt more than the financial. Migrants from Alsace Lorraine who refused to live under German rule kept the issue alive in the French national consciousness. The President at this time was the arch conservative and monarchist Marshall MacMahon (who had strong Irish roots). After the 1876 elections, he was faced with a chamber of overwhelmingly republican deputies, yet he chose the Orleanist Duc de Broglie as Prime Minister. The Chamber refused to ratify the choice and MacMahon dissolved the Assembly and called for new elections. The event is known by its French name, de seize mai as it marked an attempted royalist takeover. In the subsequent election campaign, pressure was brought on government employees to vote monarchist, opposition journals were closed down and the Church urged its faithful to vote monarchist. However, a Republican chamber was still elected, despite the oppositions dirty tactics. MacMahon accepted the will of the people and picked a Republican as Premier. As monarchist influences continued to decline in this period, he resigned and was replaced by Grévy. The new Republic had survived yet another crisis.
What was Great Britain like ?
The period between 1850 and 1865 saw the realignment of political parties Lord Palmerston (Henry John Temple) (1784-1865): Whig prime minister and dominant political figure in England between 1850 and 1865 The Tory Party was transformed into the Conservative Party under Benjamin Disraeli (1804-1881) Whig Party transformed into Liberal Party under William Gladstone (1809-1898) John Bright, a manufacturer, anti-corn law advocate, and leader of the Manchester School, contributed significantly to the development of the Liberal Party After 1865 Britain saw expanded democracy under Disraeli and Gladstone (who were political opponents) Benjamin Disraeli Argued for aggressive foreign policy, expansion of British Empire, and reluctantly supported democratic reforms. Sybil (1845): Disraeli’s novel surprised many by expressing sympathy for working class Disraeli influenced by John Stuart Mill’s: On Liberty (1859): influential work on the necessity to increase democracy Reform Bill of 1867: Disraeli’s “leap in the dark” in order to appeal to working people Expanded Reform Bill of 1832 Redistributed seats to provide more equitable representation in the House of Commons Industrial cities & boroughs gained seats at expense of some depopulated areas in the north and west (“rotten boroughs”) Almost all men over 21 who resided in urban centers were granted the right to vote Essentially doubled the number of men who could vote but still fell short of universal suffrage. Reduced government regulation of trade unions in 1875 Created government regulations for improved sanitation
What was the Austrian Empire like?
Early Middle Ages and Babenberg Austria The Great Migration of the Slavs in the dawn of the spread of the Avars in the 7th Century saw the Slavs settling in the Alps with Celts and Romans, who established the region of Karantania, which included the larger part of the eastern and central territory of what is now Austria. The Germanic people of the Bavarians had grown until the beginning of 7th Century in the west of Austria and southern Bavaria. The suppression of the Alemans, and other Rhaeto-Romanic tribes, forced them to relocate to the mountains. Karantania, attacked by the Avars, was conquered by Bavaria in AD 745. During the following years, Bavarian settlers spread further down the Danube and up the Alps, resulting in today’s German-speaking Austria. Later, the Carolingian Franks ruled over the Bavarians, when it was Duchy of the Roman Empire. Charlemagne then won the country over Duke Tassilo III, after which the Magyars invaded and conquered most of it.
What was the Eastern Question
Eastern Question, term designating the problem of European territory controlled by the decaying Ottoman Empire Ottoman Empire , vast state founded in the late 13th cent. by Turkish tribes in Anatolia and ruled by the descendants of Osman I until its dissolution in 1918. ….. Click the link for more information. in the 18th, 19th, and early 20th cent. The Turkish threat to Europe was checked by the Hapsburgs in the 16th cent., but the Ottoman Turks still controlled the Balkan Peninsula. With the Treaty of Karlowitz (1699), the disintegration of the Ottoman Empire began, and Russia started to push toward the Black Sea. In the 18th cent., France supported the Turks against Russia and Austria. The Eastern Question came into sharp focus during the reign of Czarina Catherine II Catherine II or Catherine the Great, 1729–96, czarina of Russia (1762–96). Rise to Power A German princess, the daughter of Christian Augustus, prince of Anhalt-Zerbst, she emerged from the obscurity of her ….. Click the link for more information. with the first two of the Russo-Turkish Wars Russo-Turkish Wars. The great eastward expansion of Russia in the 16th and 17th cent., during the decline of the Ottoman Empire, nevertheless left the shores of the Black Sea in the hands of the Ottoman sultans and their vassals, the khans of Crimea. ….. Click the link for more information. (1768–74, 1787–92), when Russia, in alliance with Austria, planned the partition of the Ottoman Empire. Constantinople was the chief prize coveted by Russia, which lacked an adequate warm-water outlet to the sea. These designs aroused alarm in Prussia and, more especially, in Great Britain, which saw its dominance in the Mediterranean threatened by Russian ambitions. (Later it was the strategic importance of the Suez Canal Suez Canal, Arab. Qanat as Suways, waterway of Egypt extending from Port Said to Port Tawfiq (near Suez) and connecting the Mediterranean Sea with the Gulf of Suez and thence with the Red Sea. The canal is somewhat more than 100 mi (160 km) long. ….. Click the link for more information. that most concerned Britain.) The formation of a diplomatic alliance by Great Britain, Prussia, and the Netherlands and the Austrian defeats at the hands of the Turks offset Russian successes; yet the first stage of the struggle, terminating with the Treaty of Jassy (1792), left Russia with a foothold on the north shore of the Black Sea.
What was Russia like?
The Russian Federation is made up of 21 autonomous republics with the capital being in Moscow. It has a three branch system of goverment modeled after the United States. The executive branch is headed by Boris Nikolayevick Yelstin(since 12 June 1991). The legislative branch is a bicameral federal assembly, it consists of the State Duma and the Federal Council. The State Duma has 450 members that are elected throughout the country based on population of the districts. The Federal Council has 176 members, two each elected from Russia’s 89 territorial units. Judicial Branch: Constitutional Court, Supreme Court(highest court for criminal, and administrative cases), Superior Court of Arbitration (highest court that resolves economic matters) There are more than 20 parties currently competing in Russian politics.
What was the Mayor Impact of Marxism in the Age of Mass Politics?
The political and economic philosophy of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels in which the concept of class struggle plays a central role in understanding society’s allegedly inevitable development from bourgeois oppression under capitalism to a socialist and ultimately classless society Marxist Communism has been the one of the most influential ideological developments of the past 200 years, yet very few Americans actually know anything about Communist ideology. Americans do have many misconceptions about Communism however, which have been intentionally promoted by American leadership. I say influential for a reason, because the 20th century was largely defined by the struggle between capitalism and communism. Communism is so influential because even capitalist countries like America were defined in the 20th century by their anti-Communist policies, and because communism was a critical factor in the development of the climate that led to World War II, as fascism itself developed in opposition to communism. There are three basic major socialist ideologies: Socialism, Anarchism, and Communism. These are all regarded as forms of socialism.
