Age of Anxiety In The Interwar Years Flashcards
What was the Modern Philosophy and Criticism?
Nietzsche’s scattered remarks on Hegel are striking, though not surprising, for their seeming disparity. On the one hand, Nietzsche praises Hegel’s historical sense, his grasp of the becoming of reason in history; on the other, Nietzsche attacks Hegel’s Socratic optimism concerning the power of reason to reconcile us with the modern state. If Hegel had never existed, Nietzsche might have quipped, philosophers would have had to invent him. How do things stand, then, with these two giants of modern thought? Given their importance for the development of contemporary ‘Continental’ philosophy, it is surprising that there are relatively few studies dedicated to examining their philosophical relationship. Here we could mention Daniel Breazeale’s seminal essay on the ‘Hegel-Nietzsche problem’, Stephen Houlgate’s excellent study, Hegel, Nietzsche and the Criticism of Metaphysics, and Will Dudley’s very interesting work, Hegel, Nietzsche, and Philosophy: Thinking Freedom.[1] Elliot Jurist’s Beyond Hegel and Nietzsche is a welcome addition to this small but significant body of literature. Rather than defending Hegel against Nietzsche, or vice versa, Jurist develops a more general argument challenging the received view that Hegel and Nietzsche represent opposing, even antagonistic poles in contemporary thought. As against the ‘separatist’ view that Hegel and Nietzsche are simply irreconcilable (represented by Deleuze and Habermas), Jurist argues for a philosophical ‘rapprochement’ between Hegel and Nietzsche. He thus attempts to place ‘Hegel and Nietzsche in conversation’ (2) in order to show the complementarity of their approaches to culture, agency, and the ‘psychology of knowledge’
What was the impact of Science on the Common Mind?
The history of the social sciences has origin in the common stock of Western philosophy and shares various precursors, but began most intentionally in the early 19th century with the positivist philosophy of science. Since the mid-20th century, the term “social science” has come to refer more generally, not just to sociology, but to all those disciplines which analyse society and culture; from anthropology to linguistics to media studies.
Sociology was established by Comte in 1838. He had earlier used the term “social physics”, but that had subsequently been appropriated by others, most notably the Belgian statistician Adolphe Quetelet. Comte endeavoured to unify history, psychology and economics through the scientific understanding of the social realm. Writing shortly after the malaise of the French Revolution, he proposed that social ills could be remedied through sociological positivism, an epistemological approach outlined in The Course in Positive Philosophy [1830–1842] and A General View of Positivism (1844). Comte believed a positivist stage would mark the final era, after conjectural theological and metaphysical phases, in the progression of human understanding.
What were the Modern art in the 20 century?
The question, of course, is whether these claims have any substance. Is belief in art really adequate compensation for loss of belief in God – to put the issue in the starkest terms? Is the religion of art – more particularly, avant-garde art, for many the most genuine modern art, that is, the only art of the 20th century that accurately reflects the tenor and ideas of modern times – as spiritual, morally concerned, and emotionally uplifting, supportive, and consoling as the old religion? Are avant-garde artists really our new prophets and saints? No doubt the new religion of avant-garde art is sometimes as dogmatic in its claims as traditional religion, but is it as re-assuring and emotionally convincing? Does it sometimes also involve a failure of reality testing, if also offering in its stead more sublime and subtle pleasures – spiritual rather than grossly physical satisfactions – than are usually available in everyday life?
Impressionism is the name given to a colorful style of painting in France at the end of the 19th century. The Impressionists searched for a more exact analysis of the effects of color and light in nature. They sought to capture the atmosphere of a particular time of day or the effects of different weather conditions. They often worked outdoors and applied their paint in small brightly colored strokes which meant sacrificing much of the outline and detail of their subject. Impressionism abandoned the conventional idea that the shadow of an object was made up from its color with some brown or black added. Instead, the Impressionists enriched their colors with the idea that a shadow is broken up with dashes of its complementary color.
What was some modern Music?
This period of history was marked by turmoil, as Europe struggled to recover from the devastation of the First World War. Later a period of considerable prosperity (the Roaring Twenties) followed, but this changed dramatically with the onset of the Great Depression in 1929. It was during this time that the Weimar Republic in Germany gave way to two episodes of political and economic turmoil, the first culminated in the German hyperinflation of 1923 and the failed Beer Hall Putsch of that same year. The second convulsion, brought on by the worldwide depression, resulted in the rise of Nazism. In Asia, Japan became an ever more assertive power, especially with regard to China.
