The Age of -isms Flashcards
What was the Congress of Vienna?
A meeting between Russia, Prussia, Austria, and Great Britain that sought to restore order, limit the spread of revolutionary ideas, and place a strong grip on France to prevent something like the Napoleonic Wars from happening again.
What is the Principle of Intervention?
The concept that major European powers have the right to intervene in the affairs of other countries to maintain stability and order, particularly when it involves preserving legitimate governments.
What is Conservatism?
A political belief that wanted to establish and preserve traditional institutions of state and society like a monarchy, the Church, social hierarchies, property and the family.
What is Political Liberalism?
A philosophy with the principal ideas of equality and liberty. It demands a representative government, equality before the law with individual freedoms like freedom of speech, press, assembly, and from arbitrary arrest, and no government involvement in the economy unless it’s failing.
What is Economic Liberalism?
An economic theory that emphasizes the importance of free markets, minimal government intervention, and the belief that individuals pursuing their own self-interest will lead to economic prosperity and social progress.
What is Nationalism?
People had their own spirit and their own cultural unity with a common language and history manifested as such with a belief of “Degraded through mingling.” It served as the basis for an independent political state.
What is Socialism?
An economic system in which major industries are owned by workers rather than by private businesses.
What is Romanticism?
An artistic and intellectual movement that emerged in the late 18th century, focusing on emotion, individualism, and a deep appreciation for nature as a rebellion against the Enlightenment’s rationalism.
What is Marxism?
A socio-political and economic theory developed by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels that critiques capitalism and advocates for a classless society achieved through the overthrow of capitalist systems. This ideology emphasizes that societal change occurs through revolutionary means and historical materialism.
What is the first stage of Marxism?
Capitalism
*The wealthy merchants and factory owners (bourgeoisie) obtained political power and exploited the workers (proletariat). As the proletariat became politically aware they would rise up and overthrow the bourgeois government.
What is the second stage of Marxism?
Socialism
*There would be a dictatorship of the proletariat as workers’ organisations re-distributed food, goods and services fairly according to need, and profits were shared by all. The middle classes would come to understand that equality was superior to private ownership and private property disappears.
What is the third stage of Marxism?
Communism
*Everyone would join together for the common good. Money and government would no longer be needed and society would be class-less and become an utopia.
What were the flaws in Marx’s revolution theory.
- Not everyone is dirt poor or super wealthy. His idea is unrealistically black & white and failed to consider the Middle Class.
- Religious people have something to live for other than overthrowing the government.
- Marx’s theory ignores other factors which can contribute to social inequality, such as race, religion, and sex.
What is Romanticism?
An artistic and intellectual movement that emerged in the late 18th century, focusing on emotion, individualism, and a deep appreciation for nature as a rebellion against the Enlightenment’s rationalism.
What is Laissez-Faire?
“Laissez Faire” is French for “leave alone” which means that the government leaves the people alone regarding all economic activities including taxes, regulations, or tariffs. The market should be completely free to be led by the natural laws of supply and demand.
