The Age Of Discovery Flashcards

1
Q

Conquistador

A

conqueror, especially one of the Spanish conquerors of Mexico and Peru in the 16th century.

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2
Q

Colony

A

a country or area under the full or partial political control of another country, typically a distant one, and occupied by settlers from that country.

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3
Q

mercantilism

A

belief in the benefits of profitable trading; commercialism.

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4
Q

balance of trade

A

the difference in value between a country’s imports and exports.

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5
Q

compass

A

an instrument containing a magnetized pointer that shows the direction of magnetic north and bearings from it.

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6
Q

joint stock company

A

a business entity where different stocks can be bought and owned by shareholders. Each shareholder owns company stock in proportion, evidenced by his or her shares (certificates of ownership).

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7
Q

triangular trade

A

a multilateral system of trading in which a country pays for its imports from one country by its exports to another.

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8
Q

Columbian exchange

A

a period of cultural and biological exchanges between the New and Old Worlds. Exchanges of plants, animals, diseases and technology transformed European and Native American ways of life.

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9
Q

middle passage

A

the sea journey undertaken by slave ships from West Africa to the West Indies.

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10
Q

treaty of tordesillas

A

agreement between Spain and Portugal aimed at settling conflicts over lands newly discovered or explored by Christopher Columbus and other late 15th-century voyagers.

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11
Q

Henry the navigator

A

Infante Henrique of Portugal, Duke of Viseu, better known as Henry the Navigator, was an important figure in 15th-century Portuguese politics and in the early days of the Portuguese Empire.

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12
Q

Christopher Columbus

A

an Italian explorer, navigator, colonizer, and citizen of the Republic of Genoa. Under the auspices of the Catholic Monarchs of Spain, he completed four voyages across the Atlantic Ocean.

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13
Q

Vasco da Gama

A

1st Count of Vidigueira, was a Portuguese explorer and the first European to reach India by sea.

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14
Q

Herman cortes

A

Spanish Conquistador who led an expedition that caused the fall of the Aztec Empire and brought large portions of mainland

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15
Q

Zhang he

A

formerly romanized as Cheng Ho, was a Hui court eunuch, mariner, explorer, diplomat, and fleet admiral during China’s early Ming dynasty.

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16
Q

Ferdinand Magellan

A

a Portuguese explorer who organised the Castilian expedition to the East Indies from 1519 to 1522, resulting in the first circumnavigation of the Earth, completed by Juan Sebastián Elcano.

17
Q

spice trade

A

trade between historical civilizations in Asia, Northeast Africa and Europe. Spices such as cinnamon, cassia, cardamom, ginger, pepper, and turmeric were known and used in antiquity for commerce in the Eastern World.

18
Q

encomienda system

A

established in 1512. The encomienda system was created by the Spanish to control and regulate American Indian labor and behavior during the colonization of the Americas.

19
Q

dutch Indian company

A

The United East Indian Company, referred to by the British as the Dutch East India Company, was originally established as a chartered company in 1602, when the Dutch government granted it a 21-year monopoly on Dutch spice trade.

20
Q

arawak

A

The Arawak are a group of indigenous peoples of South America and historically of the Caribbean.

21
Q

the Philippines

A

a Southeast Asian country in the Western Pacific, comprising more than 7,000 islands. Its capital, Manila, is famous for its waterfront promenade and centuries-old Chinatown, Binondo.

22
Q

fort jesus mombasa

A

a Portuguese fort located on Mombasa Island. It was built between 1593 and 1596, by order of King Philip I of Portugal, to guard the Old Port of Mombasa, Kenya. It was built in the shape of a man, and was given the name of Jesus.

23
Q

kongo kingdom

A

an African kingdom located in west central Africa in what is now northern Angola, Cabinda, the Republic of the Congo, the western portion of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, as well as the southernmost part of Gabon.

24
Q

Merina tribe

A

dominant “highlander” Malagasy ethnic group in Madagascar, and one of the country’s eighteen official ethnic groups.