Socialism

Question 1

socialism

Answer 1

a political and economic theory of social organization that advocates that the means of production, distribution, and exchange should be owned or regulated by the community as a whole.

Question 2

utopia

Answer 2

an imaginary place in which the government, laws, and social conditions are perfect

Question 3

robert owen

Answer 3

Robert Owen was a Welsh social reformer and one of the founders of utopian socialism and the cooperative movement. He worked in the cotton industry in Manchester before setting up a large mill at New Lanark in Scotland

Question 4

karl marx

Answer 4

Karl Marx was a German-born scientist, philosopher, economist, sociologist, journalist, and revolutionary socialist. Born in Trier to a middle-class family, he later studied political economy and Hegelian philosophy.

Question 5

communism

Answer 5

a political theory derived from Karl Marx, advocating class war and leading to a society in which all property is publicly owned and each person works and is paid according to their abilities and needs.

Question 6

proletariat

Answer 6

workers or working-class people, regarded collectively (often used with reference to Marxism).

Question 7

Democratic

Answer 7

relating to or supporting democracy or its principles.

Question 8

communist manifesto

Answer 8

The Communist Manifesto is an 1848 political pamphlet by German philosophers Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels.

Question 9

capitalism

Answer 9

an economic and political system in which a country’s trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit, rather than by the state.

Question 10

thomas malthus

Answer 10

The Reverend Thomas Robert Malthus FRS was an English cleric and scholar, influential in the fields of political economy and demography. Malthus himself used only his middle name, Robert.

Question 11

David Ricardo

Answer 11

David Ricardo was a British political economist. He was one of the most influential of the classical economists, along with Thomas Malthus, Adam Smith, and James Mill.

Question 12

dictatorship

Answer 12

government by a dictator.

Question 13

laissez-faire

Answer 13

a policy or attitude of letting things take their own course, without interfering.

Question 14

adam smith

Answer 14

Adam Smith FRSA was a Scottish economist, philosopher, and author. He was a moral philosopher, a pioneer of political economy, and was a key figure during the Scottish Enlightenment era.

Question 15

Fredrick engles

Answer 15

Friedrich Engels was a German philosopher, social scientist, journalist, and businessman. He founded Marxist theory together with Karl Marx.

Question 16

declaration of the rights of woman

Answer 16

The Declaration of the Rights of Woman and the Female Citizen, also known as the Declaration of the Rights of Woman, was written in 1791 by French activist, feminist, and playwright Olympe de Gouges

Question 17

suffrage

Answer 17

the right to vote in political elections.

Question 18

romanticism

Answer 18

a movement in the arts and literature that originated in the late 18th century, emphasizing inspiration, subjectivity, and the primacy of the individual.

Question 19

realism

Answer 19

an artistic movement that began in France in the 1850s, after the 1848 Revolution. Realists rejected Romanticism, which had dominated French literature and art since the late 18th century.

Question 20

naturalism

Answer 20

(in art and literature) a style and theory of representation based on the accurate depiction of detail.

Question 21

beethoven

Answer 21

Ludwig van Beethoven was a German composer and pianist. A crucial figure in the transition between the Classical and Romantic eras in Western art music, he remains one of the most famous and influential of all composers.

Question 22

mark Twain

Answer 22

Samuel Langhorne Clemens, better known by his pen name Mark Twain, was an American writer, humorist, entrepreneur, publisher, and lecturer.

Question 23

cartography

Answer 23

the science or practice of drawing maps.

Question 24

social Darwinism

Answer 24

the theory that individuals, groups, and peoples are subject to the same Darwinian laws of natural selection as plants and animals. Now largely discredited, social Darwinism was advocated by Herbert Spencer and others in the late 19th and early 20th centuries and was used to justify political conservatism, imperialism, and racism and to discourage intervention and reform.

Question 25

charles Darwin

Answer 25

Charles Robert Darwin, FRS FRGS FLS FZS was an English naturalist, geologist and biologist, best known for his contributions to the science of evolution.

Question 26

albert Einstein

Answer 26

Albert Einstein was a German-born theoretical physicist. He developed the general theory of relativity, one of the two pillars of modern physics. Einstein’s work is also known for its influence on the philosophy of science.

Question 27

relativity

Answer 27

Albert Einstein, in his theory of special relativity, determined that the laws of physics are the same for all non-accelerating observers, and he showed that the speed of light within a vacuum is the same no matter the speed at which an observer travels

Question 28

sigmund freud

Answer 28

Sigmund Freud was an Austrian neurologist and the founder of psychoanalysis, a clinical method for treating psychopathology through dialogue between a patient and a psychoanalyst.

Question 29

modernism

Answer 29

Modernism is a philosophical movement that, along with cultural trends and changes, arose from wide-scale and far-reaching transformations in Western society during the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

Question 30

impressionists

Answer 30

The artists like to capture their images without detail but with bold colors. Some of the greatest impressionist artists were Edouard Manet, Camille Pissaro, Edgar Degas, Alfred Sisley, Claude Monet, Berthe Morisot and Pierre Auguste Renoir. Manet influenced the development of impressionism.

Question 31

monet

Answer 31

Oscar-Claude Monet was a founder of French Impressionist painting, and the most consistent and prolific practitioner of the movement’s philosophy of expressing one’s perceptions before nature, especially as applied to plein-air landscape painting.

Question 32

natural selection

Answer 32

Natural selection is the differential survival and reproduction of individuals due to differences in phenotype. It is a key mechanism of evolution, the change in heritable traits of a population over time.

Question 33

pyotr ilyich

Answer 33

Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky, often anglicized as Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky, was a Russian composer of the late-Romantic period, some of whose works are among the most popular music in the classical repertoire.