The Adrenal Gland Flashcards
Where does the left adrenal vein drain into?
Renal vien (57 arteries)
Where does the right adrenal vein drain into?
IVC (inferior vena cava)
How many arteries and veins do the adrenals have?
Both adrenal have many arteries many arteries but only one vein
What is the zona glomerulosa?
Outer most thin layer and se of enzymes that make aldosterone
What is the zona fasciulata?
Enzymes which make cortisol
What does the adrenal medulla do?
Make adrenaline (secretes catecholamines)
What does the adrenal cortex make?
- corticosteroids
1. Mineralocorticoids (Aldosterone)
2. Glucocorticoids (Cortisol)
3. Sex steroids (Androgens, oestrogens)
What does the adrenal medulla (neuroedncorine/chromaffin cells)?
- catecholamines
1. Adrenaline/epinephrine (80%)
2. Noradrenaline/norepinephrine (20%)
3. [Dopamine]
What does zona reticularis make?
Cortisol (androgens and eostrogens and works with zona fasciluatris) (not really mostly middle zone)
Where do steroid come from?
Cholesterol (27C atom)
What is the adrenal gland secretion precursor?
Cholesterol
What is an enzyme?
- Protein that catalyses a specific reaction
- Various enzymes are present in cells
- Specific enzymes catalyse the synthesis of particular alterations to the molecule
What is the synthesis of aldosterone?
- Cholesterol
- Side chain cleavage
- Left with pregneolone
- Then enzyme 3 beta hydroxy steroid dehyrogenase (oxidation Zoe)
- Progesterone
- Enzyme: 21 hyroxylase
- 11 deoxycorticosterone
- 11 hydroylase
- Corticosterone
10, 18 hydroxylase - Aldosterone (control blood pressure )
What is synthesis of
- Cholesterol
- Side chain cleavage
- Left with pregneolone
- Then enzyme 3 beta hydroxy steroid dehyrogenase (oxidation Zoe)
- Progesterone
- 17 hydroxylase
- 17 hydroxy progesterone
- 21 hydroxylase
- 11 deoxy cortisol
- 11 hydroxylase
- Cortisol
What does aldosterone do?
- Stimulates Na+ reabsorption in distal convoluted tubule and cortical collecting duct in kidney (and in sweat glands, gastric glands, colon)
- Stimulates K+ and H+ secretion, also in distal convoluted tubule and cortical collecting duct
-Major net effect is to conserve body sodium by stimulating its reabsorption
-Increased sodium reabsorption water reabsorption,
raising blood volume