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Ophthalmology > The acute red eye > Flashcards

The acute red eye Flashcards

1
Q

Subconjunctival haemorrhage presentation?

A

Bleeding under conjunctiva.

More common in those with hypertension and on blood thinners.

Can be caused by vomiting, coughing, straining.

Management is nil, leave to heal on its own.

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2
Q

Blepharitis is inflammation of the eyelids, what conditions is it associated with?

A

Acne rosacea

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3
Q

Presentation of blepharitis?

A

Gritty eyes, sensation of foreign body, mild discharge,

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4
Q

Management of blepharitis?

A

Lid hygiene, daily baths.

Supplementary eye drops.

Oral doxycycline 2-3/12

If chalazion, hot compresses and massage.

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5
Q

Investigation of conjunctivitis (not always necessary)

A

Swab for viral PCR / bacterial C&S

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6
Q

Herpes zoster causes what?

A

Ophthalmic shingles.

Hutchinson’s sign.

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7
Q

Herpes simplex causes what?

A

Corneal ulcer.

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8
Q

Viral conjunctivitis presentation?

A

Bilateral infection
Diffuse watery discharge
Follicular inflammation

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9
Q

Common causes of bacterial conjunctivitis?

A

Staph aureus

H influenza

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10
Q

Cause of bacterial conjunctivitis in people who wear contacts?

A

Pseudomonas.

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11
Q

Presentation of bacterial conjunctivitis?

A

Usually starts as unilateral and spreads to both eyes.

Eyes stuck together on waking

Mucopurulent discharge.

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12
Q

1st line treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis and side effects?

A

Chloramphenicol

Aplastic anaemia and grey baby syndrome.

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13
Q

If you get a positive result for staph; what antibiotic can u use for conjunctivitis?

A

Topical Fusidic acid.

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14
Q

Pseudomonas is what type of bacteria?

A

gram negative bacillus.

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15
Q

What 2 signs would suggest chlamydia conjunctivitis?

A

Sub tarsal scarring and follicles.

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16
Q

What is needed to treat pseudomonas?

A

gentamicin.

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17
Q

What is needed to treat chlamydia conjunctivitis ?

A

Topical Oxytetracycline.

Adults may also need oral azithromycin for genital infection.

18
Q

What does keratitis mean/?

A

Umbrella term that means inflammation of the cornea.

19
Q

HSV keratitis gives what sign?

A

Dendritic ulcer.

20
Q

Infective cause of keratitis produces what type of ulcer?

A

Central ulcer.

note: autoimmune causes cause a peripheral ulcer.

21
Q

Presentation of keratitis?

A

Photophobia.
Circumcorneal red eye
Reduced visual acuity.
Needle like sharp stabbing pain.

O/E visible ulcer or hypopyon (WCC in anterior chamber)

22
Q

Do not give what to HSV keratitis?

A

Steroids; you can cause a corneal melt.

23
Q

Management of bacterial keratitis?

A

Topical ofloxacin

Or

gentamicin and cefuroxime

24
Q

Viral cause of keratitis treatment

A

Aciclovir

25
Q

Investigation of keratitis/.

A

Corneal scrape.

26
Q

What is anterior uveitis?

A

Inflammation of the ciliary body and iris.

27
Q

Presentation of anterior uveitis?

A

Circumcornal red eye with photophobia, lacrimation, reduced/blurred vision

Dull ache worse on reading.

28
Q

What would you maybe seen on examination of anterior ivies it?

A

Hypopyon.
Hazy anterior chamber
Synechiae (irregular shaped pupil)

29
Q

What controls the shape of the lens?

A

Ciliary body.

30
Q

What are some links with anterior uveitis?

A

IBD
Reactive arthritis
ANk Spon
Psoriatic arthritis

31
Q

Management of anterior uveitis?

A 
Topical steroids 
Mydriatic drops (cyclopentolate)
32
Q

What is the most common cause worldwide of gradual vision loss?

A

Toxoplasmosis Gondi

Protozoal infection.

33
Q

Chorioretinitis can be cause by CMV; what is the sigh at macula?

A

Mozerella pizza macula.

34
Q

Presentation of chorioretinitis?

A

Gradual vision loss with pain, red eye, floaters, photophobia.

35
Q

How does episcleritis present and what is the management?

A

Mild discomfort.
No change in vision or other ocular symptoms.

O/e blanching of blood vessels with application of phenylephrine.

Self limiting, use topical NSAIDs for pain.

36
Q

How does scleritis present?

A

Diffuse deep red eye with severe pain that would wake you from sleep.

Violaceous hue (intense)

O.e no vessel dilatation with phenylephrine.

37
Q

Management of scleritis?

A

Oral steroids, oral NSAIDs.

38
Q

What is endothalmitis?

A

Sight threatening infection of the interior of the eye.

39
Q

When does endothalmitis usually occur?

A

Usually after penetrative trauma or surgery, especially cataract surgery.

40
Q

Most common organism of endothalmitis?

A

Staph epidermidis

41
Q

How does endopthalmitisi present?

A

Pain +++
Loss of vision
Very red eye.

42
Q

Management of endothalmitis?

A

Intravitreal amikacin and vancomycin.

Ophthalmology (11 decks)

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