Eyes in sytemic disease Flashcards
What 3 conditions does diabetes predispose to?
Diabetic retinopathy
Glaucoma
Cataracts.
Diabetic retinoipasthy develops as a consequence of what?
Chronic hyperglycaemia.
What retinal changes are seen in diabetic retinopathy?
Hard exudate.
Cotton wool spot
Dot blot and flame haemorrhages.
Neovascularisation is described how?
NVD = on the disc NVE = everywhere else
New growth always starts on the peripheries and growth on the disc suggests severe ischaermia.
Proliferative diabetic retinopathy occurs when one of what 2 things is present?
Neovasculatisation
Or
Vitreous haemorrhage.
Diabetic retinopathy is also assessed based on whether there is macular disease:
Hard exudate
Blot haemorrhages
Macular oedema.
Can you reverse the changes in diabetic retinopathy?
No.
The aim of treatment is to prevent progression, especially to prevent progression to macular disease:
- Tighter glycemic control.
- Laser therapy kills off the peripheral retina preventing growth towards the macula.
2 key features of hypertensive eye disease?
Silver/copper wiring AV nipping (compression of a vein as an arteriole passes over it)
Roth spots
Endocarditis
Snow storm deposits in anterior chamber
Sarcoidosis
Blue sclera
Ehlors Danlos
Lisch nodules
Neurofibromatosis.
Brush field spots
Down syndrome
Band keratopathy?
Hypercalcaemia.
