The abdominal cavity and peritoneal reflections Flashcards
What is the nerve supply of the parietal peritoneum?
Anterior abdo wall - T6-12, L1 Diaphragmatic region - central by phrenic, peripheral by T6-12 Pelvic region - obdurator nerve (branch of lumbar plexus)
List the intraperitoneal organs.
Stomach
Appendix
Liver
Transverse colon
Duodenum (1st part)
Small intestine
Pancreas (tail)
Rectum (upper 3rd)
Sigmoid colon
Spleen
ie SALTD SPRSS
List the retroperitoneal abdominal organs.
Suprarenal glands
Aorta/IVC
Duodenum (2nd, 3rd & 4th parts)
Pancreas (except tail)
Ureter/Bladder
Colon (ascending/descending) Kidneys (
O)Esophagus
Rectum (distal 2/3)
ie SADPUCKER
List the secondarily retroperitoneal organs.
Pancreas
Colon (ascending and descending)
Duodenum
ie Pussy Cat Dolls
Of what is the ligament teres a remnant?
Foetal umbilical vein.
What is an adhesion?
Fibrous bands that form between tissues and organs as a result of injury or inflammation.
What is the supracolic compartment?
The part of the abdominal cavity above the transverse mesocolon.
What is the infracolic compartment?
The part of the abdominal cavity below the tranverse mesocolon.
Which organs can be found in the supracolic compartment?
Liver, gallbladder, stomach, doudenum, spleen
Where is the subphrenic space?
The space between the diaphragm and the liver.
What is the coronary ligament?
A reflection of the diaphragmatic peritoneum that attaches to the liver.
What is the origin of the lesser omentum?
The liver - suspends the lesser curvature of the stomach and the first part of the duodenum.
What three structures are enclosed within the free border of the lesser omentum?
Hepatic artery Bile duct Hepatic portal vein
What is the omental bursa?
The omental bursa is the small part of the peritoneal cavity behind the stomach. It communicates with the greater sac through a narrow opening, known as the omental or epiploic foramen, which lies between the first part of the duodenum and the visceral surface of the liver.
Which structures form the boundaries of the epiploic foramen?
Anterior - free border of the lesser omentum
Posterior - peritoneum, IVC
Superior - peritoneum, caudate lobe of liver
Inferior - peritoneum, duodenum, hepatic artery
How many layers of the peritoneum make up the greater omentum as it runs between the greater curvature of the stomach and the transverse colon.
6
How many layers of the peritoneum make up the greater omentum inferior to the transverse colon?
4
What forms the gastrosplenic ligament?
The greater omentum - connects stomach to spleen.
Define the paracolic gutters.
The right and left paracolic gutters are peritoneal recesses on the posterior abdominal wall lying alongside the ascending and descending colon. The main paracolic gutter lies lateral to the colon on each side. A less obvious medial paracolic gutter may be formed, especially on the right side, if the colon possesses a short mesentery for part of its length.
What is the clinical significance of the paracolic gutters?
They allow a passage for infectious fluids from different compartments of the abdomen. For example; fluid from an infected appendix can track up the right paracolic gutter to the hepatorenal recess.
What is the parasympathetic motor supply to the fore- and midgut?
Vagus -> vagal trunks -> abdo prevertebral plexus
What is the parasympathetic motor supply to the hindgut?
Pelvic splanchnic nerves from S2-4 -> inferior hypogastric plexus
What is the parasympathetic nervous supply to the bladder?
Pelvic splanchnic nerves from S2-4 -> inferior hypogastric plexus
What is the sympathetic motor supply to the abdominal and pelvic viscera?
Thoracic and lumbar splanchnic nerves - inferior hypogastric plexus - aortic plexus
Which somatic nerves supply the parietal peritoneum?
Phrenic
Lower intercostal
Subcostal
Iliohypogastric
Ilioinguinal