The Abdomen: Anterior Abdominal Wall

Question 1

Anterior abdominal muscles (from superior to inferior)

Answer 1

External abdominal oblique

Internal abdominal oblique

Transversus abdominis

Question 2

Ant. abdominal wall layers of superficial fascia

Answer 2

Camper’s: superficial layer

Scarpa’s: deep layer

Question 3

Lymph drainage (in relation to umbilicus)

Answer 3

Above: parasternal and anterior diaphragmatic nodes

Below: superficial inguinal lymph nodes

Question 4

Venous drainage to major vessels occurs at___

Answer 4

axillary and femoral veins

Question 5

External oblique muscle characteristics (origin/insertion/location/action/innervation/blood supply)

Answer 5

Question 6

Internal oblique characteristics

Answer 6

Question 7

Transversus abdominis characteristics

Answer 7

Question 8

The following structures mark which vertebral level?

Umbilicus

Slightly superior to pubic bone

Labia majora/scrotal sac

Answer 8

Umbilicus: T10

Pubic bone(just superior): T12

Labia majora/scrotal sac: L1

Question 9

Arcuate line

Answer 9

Point at which posterior rectus sheath becomes transversalis fascia

Question 10

Name the structures that make up the following sheaths:

Posterior rectus sheath

Anterior rectus sheath

Transversalis (endoabdominal fascia)

Answer 10

Anterior rectus sheath: aponeurosis of external abdominal oblique

Posterior rectus sheath: aponeuroses of internal oblique and transversus abdominus

Transversalis fascia: posterior rectus sheath at arcuate line

Question 11

What blood vessels primarily supply the anterior abdominal wall?

Answer 11

Superior and inferior epigastric vv. and aa.

Question 12

Location of Superior epigatsric vv and aa.

Answer 12

Deep to anterior rectus sheath

Question 13

Location of inferior epigastric vv. and aa.

Answer 13

Deep to posterior rectus sheath

Question 14

Aortic coarctation and implications

Answer 14

Narrowing of the aorta; inf. epigatsric vessels and intercostal arteries compensate to get blood the limbs

Question 15

Spermatic cord

Answer 15

Formed by ductus deferens (males) (ties gonad to scrotal sac)

Question 16

What is the spermatic cord equivalent in females?

Answer 16

The round ligament of the uterus

Question 17

Abdominal wall components and what they form

Answer 17

Question 18

Inguinal canal

Answer 18

Formed by:

Lateral: inguinal ligament

Anterior and superior: ext abdominal oblique aponeurosis

Posterior: anterior superior iliac spine

Question 19

Superficial inguinal ring

Answer 19

Formed by medial and lateral crus

Question 20

In males, what structure comes out of the superficial inguinal ring? What is the equivalent in females?

Answer 20

Spermatic cord

Round ligament of the uterus

Question 21

Deep inguinal ring

Answer 21

Deep to where the transversus abdominis muscle archesover the spermatic cord or round ligament

Formed by meeting of transversalis fascia and internal spermatic fascia

Question 22

Conjoint tendon

Answer 22

Formed by lower tendinous parts of internal aponeurosis and transversus abdominis aponeurosis

Inserts at the pubic crest and pectineal line

Question 23

L1 nerves

Answer 23

Ilioinguinal and iliohypogatsric nerves

Question 24

Ilioinguinal nerve

Answer 24

Travels along spermatic cord/round ligament

Exits at superficial inguinal ring

Question 25

Iliohypogastric nerve

Answer 25

Medial to ilioinguinal nerve

Question 26

Hernia

Answer 26

Protusion of (something) bowel into an opening in the abdominal wall

Question 27

Indirect vs direct hernia

Answer 27

Indirect hernia: lateral to inferior epigastric artery/outside of Hasselbach’s triangle

Direct: loop pf bowel pushes through wall at Hasselbach’s triangle; medial/”MD” to inferior epigastric artery

Question 28

Hasselbach’s triangle

Answer 28

Formed by Rectus abdominis, inguinal ligament and inferior epigatsric artery