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Anatomy > Arm, Forearm and Hand > Flashcards

Arm, Forearm and Hand Flashcards

1
Q

What are the bones at the elbow joint?

A

humerus; ulnar; radius

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2
Q

Name the attachments of the radius and humerus, and the ulna and humerus followed by the actions possible at those attachments

A

Trochlea of humerus + olecrenon of ulna >> flexion and extension

Capitulum of humerus + head of radius >> flexion, extension AND supination + pronation

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3
Q

What are the Anterior arm compartment muscles? (hint: BBC)

A

Biceps brachii

Brachialis

Coracobrachialis

https://teachmeanatomy.info/upper-limb/muscles/upper-arm/

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4
Q

What are the actions of the BBC (anterior arm compartment muscles)?

A

Biceps brachii: Flexion; ADduction (short head); Supination (tendon)

Corachobrachialis: Flexion; ADduction; Med rotation

Brachialis: Flexion

https://teachmeanatomy.info/upper-limb/muscles/upper-arm/

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5
Q

Blood supply and nervous innervation to the anterior arm compartment come from which vessel(s) and nerve(s)?

A

Brachial art (continuation of axillary ar. from subclavian ar.)

Musculocutaneous n (br of lateral cord>>upper and middle trunk ant. divisions>>brachial plexus)

https://teachmeanatomy.info/upper-limb/muscles/upper-arm/

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6
Q

What are the subdivisions of the anterior compartment of the forearm?

A

Superficial (layer 1)

Intermediate (layer 2)

Deep (layers 3 + 4)

https://teachmeanatomy.info/upper-limb/muscles/anterior-forearm/

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7
Q

Muscles contained in the superficial layer of the anterior arm compartment

A

terence Pronates long Palms and r.u. Flexes carps

Pronator teres

Palmaris longus

Flexor carpi radialis

Flexor carpi ulnaris

https://teachmeanatomy.info/upper-limb/muscles/anterior-forearm/#Superficial_Compartment

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8
Q

Actions of the superficial layer of anterior arm compt

A

Pronator teres: pronation of the forearm

Palmaris longus: flexion of wrist

Flexor carpi radialis: flexion of wrist + ABduction of wrist (moving wrist to radial side)

Flexor carpi ulnaris: flexion of wrist + ADduction of wrist (moving wrist to ulnar side)

https://teachmeanatomy.info/upper-limb/muscles/anterior-forearm/#Superficial_Compartment

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9
Q

Innervation and blood supply to superficial layer of anterior forearm

A

Median nerve (br of lat and med contributions of lat and med cords >> brachial plexus)

Ulnar artery (br of brachial ar>>continuation of axillary ar>>subclavian ar)

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10
Q

Muscles in the intermediate layer of the anterior forearm compartment

Action of in the intermediate layer of the anterior forearm compartment

Blood supply and innervation of in the intermediate layer of the anterior forearm compartment

A

FDS: flexor digitorum superficialis

Flexion of digits 2-5 at MCP joints, PIP joints

Flexion of wrist

Median nerve (lat and med contributions from lat and med cords>>brachial plexus)

Ulnar artery (br of brachial ar>>continuation of axillary ar>>subclavian ar)

https://teachmeanatomy.info/upper-limb/muscles/anterior-forearm/#Intermediate_Compartment

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11
Q

Muscles in the deep layer of the anterior forearm compartment

A

“the profound FD flexes long polluci(e)s that Peasants query”

Flexor digitorum profundus (FDP)

Flexor pollicus longus (FPL)

Pronator quadratus (PQ)

https://teachmeanatomy.info/upper-limb/muscles/anterior-forearm/#Deep_Compartment

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12
Q

Actions of muscles in deep layer of anterior forearm compartment

A

FDP: flexion of digits 2-5 @ MCP + DIP joints; flexion of wrist

FPL: flexion of the thumb @ IP joint

PQ: pronates forearm

https://teachmeanatomy.info/upper-limb/muscles/anterior-forearm/#Deep_Compartment

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13
Q

Innervation and blood supply of deep layer of anterior forearm compartment

A

FDP: Anterior interosseus nerve (br of median n) (1/2) + (1/2) ulnar n

FPL and PQ: Anterior interosseus n (br of median n)

Everyone: anterior interosseus artery (br of ulnar a>>br of brachial ar>>continuation of axillary ar>>subclavian ar)

https://teachmeanatomy.info/upper-limb/muscles/anterior-forearm/#Deep_Compartment

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14
Q

Name the muscle that comprise the posterior compartment of the arm

A

Triceps brachii

https://teachmeanatomy.info/upper-limb/muscles/upper-arm/#Posterior_Compartment

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15
Q

Origin, insertion, action and blood supply/innervation of posterior arm compartment muscle

A

O: Long head - infraglenoid tubercle; Lat head - humerus (above radial groove); Med head - humerus (below radial groove)

I: Olecrenon of ulna

Action: Extension of arm at elbow

Blood supply: Profunda brachii artery (br of brachial art>>continuation of axillary art>>subclavian art)

Innervation: Radial nerve (terminal br of posterior cord of brachial plexus)

https://teachmeanatomy.info/upper-limb/muscles/upper-arm/#Posterior_Compartment

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16
Q

Name the muscles on the lateral side in the posterior forearm compartment (hint: all radios)

A

Every crappy long radio: Extensor carpi radialis longus

Every crappy broken radio: Extensor carpi radialis brevis

Broken radio: Brachioradialis

https://teachmeanatomy.info/upper-limb/muscles/posterior-forearm/

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17
Q

Insertions of lateral side muscles of posterior forearm compartment

A

Extensor carpi radialis longus: Base of 2+3 metacarpals

Extensor carpi radialis brevis: Base of 2+3 metacarpals

Brachioradialis: Styloid process of radius

https://teachmeanatomy.info/upper-limb/muscles/posterior-forearm/

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18
Q

What 3 groups of muscles act on the shoulder joint?

A

“groove muscles”, rotator cuff muscles, “others”

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19
Q

The groove muscles

A

Pectoralis major

Latissimus dorsi

Teres major

20
Q

Insertions of the groove muscles

A

Pect. major (lateralis major): Lateral lip of the bicipital groove

Latissimus dorsi (latissimus floor-si): Floor of the bicipital groove

Teres major (teres medial): Medial lip of bicipital groove

21
Q

State the actions of the groove muscles

A

Pect major: ADdcution and Medial rotation of the shoulder

Latissimus dorsi: ADduction of shoulder

Teres major: ADduction and medial rotation of shoulder

22
Q

Innervation and blood supply to groove muscles

A

Pect major: Lateral + Medial pectoral nerves/Pectoral branch of thoracoacromial trunk

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pectoralis_major

Latissimus dorsi: Thoracodorsal nerve/Thoracodorsal artery (br of subscapular ar>>axillary ar)

https: //www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/the-axillary-artery
https: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latissimus_dorsi_muscle

Teres major: Lower subscapular nerve/Subscapular artery

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teres_major_muscle

23
Q

Rotator cuff muscles (SITS muscles)

A

Supraspinatus

Infraspinatus

Teres minor

Subscapularis

https://teachmeanatomy.info/upper-limb/muscles/shoulder/intrinsic/

24
Q

Rotator cuff muscles origins and insertions

A

Supraspinatus: supraspinous fossa of scapula/greater tubercle of humerus

Infraspinatus: infraspinous fossa of scapula/greater tubercle of humerus

Teres minor: Scapula/greater tubercle of humerus

Subscapularis: subscapular fossa/lesser tubercle of humerus

https://teachmeanatomy.info/upper-limb/muscles/shoulder/intrinsic/

25
Q

Actions of rotator cuff (SITS) muscles

A

Supraspinatus: ABduction of arm

Infraspinatus: Lateral rotation of arm

Teres minor: Lateral rotation of arm

Subscapularis: Medial rotation of arm

https://teachmeanatomy.info/upper-limb/muscles/shoulder/intrinsic/

26
Q

Blood supply and innervation to rotator cuff muscles

A

Supraspinatus: Suprascapular n (upper tunk)/Suprascapular artery (br of thyrocervical trunk>>subclavian art)

Infraspinatus: Suprascapular n (upper trunk)/Suprascapular artery

Teres minor: Axillary nerve/Posterior circumflex humeral artery

Subscapularis: Upper and Lower subscapular ns (posterior cord)/Subscapular artery

27
Q

Posterior forearm compartment muscles: Lateral

A

“All about radios”

Every crappy long radio: Extensor carpi radialis longus

Every crappy broken radio: Extensor carpi radialis brevis

Broken radios: Brachioradialis

https://teachmeanatomy.info/upper-limb/muscles/posterior-forearm/

28
Q

What are the actions of the posterior forearm compartment (lateral) muscles?

A

Extensor carpi radialis longus: Extends the wrist + ABduction

Extensor carpi radialis brevis: Extends the wrist + ABduction

Brachioradialis: Flexion of elbow joint

https://teachmeanatomy.info/upper-limb/muscles/posterior-forearm/

29
Q

Attachments of lateral layer of post forearm compartment muscles

A

Extensor carpi radialis longus + Extensor carpi radialis brevis: Base of 2nd + 3rd metacarpals

Brachioradialis: Styloid process of radius

https://teachmeanatomy.info/upper-limb/muscles/posterior-forearm/

30
Q

Blood supply and innervation of muscles in lateral layer of post forearm compartment

A

Everyone: Radial nerve (terminal br of posterior cord) + Radial artery

https://teachmeanatomy.info/upper-limb/muscles/posterior-forearm/

31
Q

Muscles in the medial layer of the post forearm compartment

A

Every crappy umbrella: Extensor carpi ulnaris

Every darn finger: Extensor digitorum

Every darn little finger: Extensor digiti minimi

https://teachmeanatomy.info/upper-limb/muscles/posterior-forearm/#Superficial_Muscles

32
Q

Attachments of muscles in medial layer of post forearm compartment

A

Extensor carpi ulnaris: Base of 5th metacarpal

Extensor digitorum: Extensor hood of digits 2-5

Extensor digiti minimi: Extensor hood of 5th digit

https://teachmeanatomy.info/upper-limb/muscles/posterior-forearm/#Superficial_Muscles

33
Q

Actions of muscles in medial layer of posterior forearm compartment

A

Extensor carpi ulnaris: Extension of wrist + ABduction

Extensor digitorum: Extension of digits 2-5 @ MCP & IP joints

Extensor digiti minimi: Extension of little finger

34
Q

Blood supply and innervation of muscles in medial layer of post forearm compartment

A

Everyone: Deep branch of radial nerve (before it becomes post. interosseus n)

Posterior interossues artery (br of ulnar ar>>medial cord)

35
Q

Outcropping (Deep) muscles of post forearm compartment

A

ABigail Like Pollicies: ABductor pollicis longus

Every long pollicy: Extensor pollicis longus

Every brave pollicy: Extensor pollicis brevis

Every individual: Extensor indicis

SUP: Supinator

https://teachmeanatomy.info/upper-limb/muscles/posterior-forearm/#Deep_Muscles

36
Q

Attachments of deep layer of posterior forearm compartment muscles

A

ABductor pollicis longus: Base of 1st metacarpal

Extensor pollicis longus: Distal phalynx of 1st metacarpal

Exensor pollicis brevis: Proximal phalynx of 1st metacarpal

Extensor indicis: Extensor hood of index finger (2nd metacarpal)

Supinator: Posterior surface of radius

https://teachmeanatomy.info/upper-limb/muscles/posterior-forearm/#Deep_Muscles

37
Q

Actions of muscles in deep layer of post forearm compartment

A

ABductor pollicis longus: ABduct thumb

Extensor pollicis longus: Extend thumb @ all joints

Extensor pollicis brevis: Extend thumb @ CM and MCP joints

Extensor indicis: Extend index finger

Supinator: Supinate forearm

https://teachmeanatomy.info/upper-limb/muscles/posterior-forearm/#Deep_Muscles

38
Q

Blood supply and innervation of deep layer of post forearm compartment muscles

A

Posterior interosseus nerve (br of radial n>>terminal br of posterior cord)

Posterior interosseus artery (br of ulnar artery)

***exception: Supinator

Supinator BS: Radial recurrent artery

Supinator NS: Deep br of radial nerve (before it becomes the posterior interosseus n)

39
Q

What are the carpal bones in the hand?

A

Carpals: Some Lovers Try Positions That They Can’t Handle

Scaphoid

Lunate

Triquetrium

Pisiform

Trapezium (+ tuberosity)

Trapezoid

Capitate

Hamate (+ hook of hamate)

40
Q

Thenar muscles

A

ABductor pollicis brevis

Flexor pollicis brevis

Opponens pollicis

https://teachmeanatomy.info/upper-limb/muscles/hand/#Thenar_Muscles

41
Q

Actions of the thenar muscles

A

Abductor pollicis brevis: ABducts thumb

Flexor pollicis brevis: Flexes thumb @ MCP joint

Opponens pollicis: Opposition (via medial rotation + flexion at trapezium)

https://teachmeanatomy.info/upper-limb/muscles/hand/#Thenar_Muscles

42
Q

Blood supply and innervation to thenar muscles

A

Median n (from med + lat cords)

Superficial palmar arch

https://teachmeanatomy.info/upper-limb/muscles/hand/#Thenar_Muscles

43
Q

State the hypothenar muscles

A

“Same as thenar, only little-er”

ABductor digiti minimi

Flexor digiti minimi

Opponens digiti minimi

https://teachmeanatomy.info/upper-limb/muscles/hand/#Hypothenar_Muscles

44
Q

Actions of hypothenar muscles

A

ABductor digiti minimi: ABduct little finger

Flexor digiti minimi: Flexes little finger @ MCP joint

Opponens digiti minimi: Opposition (rotates 5th metacarpal towards palm)

https://teachmeanatomy.info/upper-limb/muscles/hand/#Hypothenar_Muscles

45
Q

Name the 3 additional muscles (or groups of muscles) that act on the hand

A

Lumbricals

Interossei

ADductor pollicis

https://teachmeanatomy.info/upper-limb/muscles/hand/#Other_Muscles_in_the_Palm

46
Q

Actions of lumbricals, interossei and ADdcutor pollicis muscles

A

Lumbricals: Flexion at MCP joints (“bye-bye” motion)

Interossei: PAD (palmar - ADduction); DAB (dorsal - ABduction)

ADductor pollicis: ADduct thumb

https: //teachmeanatomy.info/upper-limb/muscles/hand/#Lumbricals
https: //teachmeanatomy.info/upper-limb/muscles/hand/#Interossei

47
Q

Innervation and blood supply of lumbricals, interossei and ADductor pollicis muscles

A

Lumbricals: same as FDP (medial 2 - ulnar n; lateral 2 - median n)

Interossei: Ulnar n

ADductor pollicis: Ulnar n

Blood supply to all: Deep palmar arch

Anatomy (9 decks)

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