The 6 Perspectives

Question 1

Humanistic

Answer 1

• Abraham Maslow , Carl Rogers

All people born innately good with self actualizing abilities that will bloom as long as the people in their environment are :

1. Accepting

• Show unconditional love and support
• Values us even if we have faults

2. Genuine

• Open with feelings / identity

3. Empathetic

• Share / mirror our feelings

Question 2

Evolutionary

Answer 2

• Charles Darwin

Behaviour is strongly influenced not only by our biology, but also **our ancestor’s biology. **

• “Survival of the fittest” = Behaviours that don’t serve us don’t get passed down.

Studies show natural selection favoured behaviours and traits that helped the survival of our ancestors and the spread of our genes ( for future generations to survive).

Question 3

Psychoanalytic

Answer 3

• Sigmund Freud.. 🤕

Suggests that human behaviour is influenced by unconscious memories, thoughts, and urges.

Levels of conscious :

1. ID

• Unconscious
• Base drive to survive, reproduce, aggress
• Pleasure principle

2. Ego

• Partly conscious
• Seeks to satisfy ID + Superego in a realistic, long-term way.
• Executive function / Reality principle

3. Superego

• Our conscience
• Emerges at 4-5 y/o
• Perfection / Ideals / Morals

Question 4

Cognitive

Answer 4

• Albert Bandura , Martin Seligman

Behaviour is a consequence of internal thoughts

• Humans use mental processes to solve problems / develop personality traits.

Cycle :

            ↔️    Behaviour    ↔️     Environment      ↔️       Person     ↔️

Question 5

Behavioural

Answer 5

• B.F Skinner , Edward Thorndike

Behaviour is controlled by whether we are awarded or punished for the behaviour.

• “Law of Effect” : Rewarded behaviour is likely to reoccur.
• Successive approximation : Rewarding responses that get closer to the desired behaviour.
• Reinforcer : Anything that causes the behaviour to continue.

Question 6

Sociocultural

Answer 6

• Urie Bronfenbenner

Uses an ecological model that displays different levels of social influence that affects how an individual thinks + behaves.

1. Microsystem - Individual
2. Mesosystem - Interactions amongst Microsystems (people)
3. Exosystem - External networks surrounding Microsystems (society)
4. Macrosystem - Beliefs + Values