The 50's -Foreign Policy

Question 1

What was the main purpose of the schuman plan (1950)?

Answer 1

• Integrate French and German industry

- -> economic reconstruction and prevent War.

Question 2

How did the Shuman plan (1950) relate to the EEC?

Answer 2

-Foundation for the EEC

Question 3

Why did Britain not join the EEC?

Answer 3

• Few politicians were in favour of the leadership role that was on offer
• Left =Suspicious of free market principles
• Right= Trade links with commonwealth more important
• Britain wanted to balance it’s special relationship with U.S.A

Question 4

What treaty launched the EEC without Britain?

Answer 4

-Treaty of Rome (1957)

Question 5

Why was EFTA ( outer severn)n not as successful?

Answer 5

Did not see same levels of economic growth as EEC

Question 6

What caused Macmillans U Turn on the EEC?

Answer 6

-Application 1961. Macmillan hoped joining would increase industrial efficiency

Question 7

Why did De Gaulle Veto Britain’s application in 61?

Answer 7

-Wanted to preserve Partnerships from U.S influence

Question 8

How can British dependency be see in the cuban missile crisis?

Answer 8

Britain viewed as Bystanders–> America took lead action

Question 9

How was America dependent on the UK over european influence?

Answer 9

-U.S.A’s sphere of influence was through Britain (dependency)

Question 10

What was the burges and Mclean affair?

Answer 10

-Two British officials defected to soviet union after being caught spying on the British government for 20 years +

Question 11

What was the political impact of the Burges and Mclean affair?

Answer 11

-America feared that Britain leaked vital info to soviets

–> Strain of Special relationship-> Americans less ready to share intel

Question 12

How can Britain be viewed as not dependent on the U.S concerning nuclear arms?

Answer 12

U.S stopped sharing nuclear secrets

-Independent nuclear tests
=> atom bomb 1952 , H bomb 1957

Question 13

What agreements lead to the resharing of nuclear technology between Britain and the U.S.A

Answer 13

-Washington Agreements (1957)

–> No longer independendent tech (Mutual defence agreement)

Question 14

How can British nuclear dependency on the U.S bee seen after the washington agreements after 1957?

Answer 14

-Blue streak = too expensive, replaced with polaris (dependent on American sub weapon systems.

Question 15

How could the Mutual defence act be viewed as a partnership rather than British dependence?

Answer 15

American ICBM’s stationed in Britain -> Vital For U.S cold war policy.

Question 16

How can the Korean War be seen as Britain lending the U.S a helping hand?

Answer 16

-Britain =second largest contingent (Sent 90,000 troops)

Question 17

How can Britain be seen acting independently on the world stage?

Answer 17

• Key leading figure of UN and Nato

- Successful Decolonization policy

Question 18

How could economic dependence be seen on the U.S?

Answer 18

-U.S Marshall plan

Question 19

What happened in the events of the suez crisis?

Answer 19

Brit and U.S pull funding from Aswan damn –>Nassar nationalised suez
=> would Harm oil prices (Vital trade route)

Britain, Israel and Egypt conspire to seize damn through guise of “Peace keeping mission”

Question 20

What were the economic effects of the Suez Crisis?

Answer 20

-Emphasised Britain’s economic dependence on middle Eastern oil

=> sanctions on 80% of import of oil -> run on the pound
-> Application for IMF loan

Question 21

What were the political impact of the suez crisis?

Answer 21

• Questioned Britain’s force for good in the world. Untrustworthy
• Emphasised Britain’s inability to act diplomatically on word stage (Independent of the U.S)
• Alienated European partners-> increasing dependency on U.S

Question 22

Why did the process of decolonisation take place?

Answer 22

-After ww2 Britain no longer had the financial means to support it’s colonies

Question 23

What effect did the suez crisis have on decolonization?

Answer 23

-Sped up the process

Question 24

What did Mac’s wings of change speech call for?

Answer 24

• Recorginition of indepence movements
• Majority rule
• Not to fall in to trap of communism