The 4 Power Pact (July 1933)

Question 1

When did it occur?

Answer 1

July 1933

Question 2

also called

Answer 2

the Quadripartite Agreement

Question 3

Who was the agreement between?

Answer 3

• France
• Britain
• Germany
• Italy

Question 4

Where was it signed?

Answer 4

Rome

Question 5

Which parlt did not ratify it?

Answer 5

France’s parlt

Question 6

Who called for the creation of the 4PP and why?

Answer 6

WHO: BM
WHY: as a better means of insuring international security.

Question 7

What was BM’s goal?

Answer 7

To reduce the power of smaller states in the LoN in order to solve the issue of how sovereign powers could come together and operate in an orderly way.

Question 8

What did the reps of F,B, I & G sign?

Answer 8

A diluted version of BM’s proposal. The doc that was signed bore little resemblance to the initial proposal.

Question 9

What was BM’s chief motive in BM’s instigating the 4PP?

Answer 9

The wish for closer Franco-Italian relations.

Question 10

What did the 4PP reaffirm?

Answer 10

Each country’s adherence to:

1) the covenant of the LoN
2) Locarno Treaties
3) KBP ‘28

Question 11

If BM’s purpose of the pact was to calm Europe’s nerves then he…

Answer 11

…achieved the opposite result.

Question 12

Even though the 4PP had little significance, it…

Answer 12

is NOT completely devoid of merit. It was one of the factors contributing to the German-Polish Non-Aggression Pact (1934)

Question 13

The exploitation of the balance of power appealed to?

Answer 13

Italy and Britain.

Question 14

However, why did the pact face speculation among the French and the Germans?

Answer 14

London and Rome were close enough to mediate between Paris & Berlin. France was justifiably alarmed.

Question 15

What has been argued?

Answer 15

That the 4PP could have safeguarded the European balance of power with the hope of balancing peace & security.
HOWEVER
At that time, in Europe, depression was abundant and AH’s rise to power makes this claim unlikely.

Question 16

Who opposed the revision of the 4PP?

Answer 16

Poland (its reliance on France had been weakened) and the Little Entente states, as apparent in the French dilution of the pact in its final form.

It’s apparent that the 4PP had a NEGATIVE impact on French allies in C. & E. Europe.

Italy was also a threat to France’s influence in the Med/

Question 17

What was an adequate reason to propose alternative power arrangements?

Answer 17

AH’s rise to power.

Question 18

What had started as an alternative to the LoN ended as?

Answer 18

A reassertion of devotion to that failing institution and a pleasurable ceremony.

Question 19

What was Hitler willing to accept?

Answer 19

the gratuitous triumph of the LoN’s death.

Question 20

What happened to the 4PP?

Answer 20

It soon failed but Britain, in particular, did NOT easily throw away the 4PP idea.

Question 21

What put the 4PP on hold?

Answer 21

AH withdrawing from the LoN in October 1933.

Question 22

Until WW2 who made vain attempts to make the 4PP work at any cost?

Answer 22

Britain

Question 23

What did the failure of the 4PP serving as a warning for?

Answer 23

Germany’s continued withdrawal from diplomatic relations with B & F in the buildup to WW2.