THATCHER 1979-90 CHAPTER 15 Flashcards

society

1
Q

SALE OF COUNCIL HOUSES

  • Key aim of thatcher was to
A

turn Britain inro a property-owning democracy

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2
Q

SALE OF COUNCIL HOUSES

  • 1980 housing act gave council tenants right to
A

buy their council house and received 33-50% discount depending on how long they lived there.

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3
Q

SALE OF COUNCIL HOUSES

  • 1988 - how many council houses sold?
A

2 million

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4
Q

SALE OF COUNCIL HOUSES

  • Became a success of Thatcherism  labour opposed it but dropped opposition

why

A

as it was too popular within the country.

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5
Q

SALE OF COUNCIL HOUSES

  • Negative consequences icluded:

3

A
  • sale was in better of areas and councils used the sales to reduce debts, not to build new council housing.
  • Number of quality homes available to rent sharply reduce + wating lists for rental homes got longer.
  • Many people relied on emergency B & Bs for housing  expensive for councils to provide.
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6
Q

MINERS’ STRIKE AND OTHER INDUSTRIAL DISPUTES

  • Economic reforms aroused hostility from unions representing service workers e.g.
A

COHSE and NUPE  became more militant, and teachers’ unions carried lengthy disputes.

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7
Q

MINERS’ STRIKE AND OTHER INDUSTRIAL DISPUTES

  • Role of unions constrained by new laws:

1980 and 1984

A

1980 secondary picketing (picketing in a location not directly involved in the dispute) outlawed;
1984 unions pressured to hold ballots before strike action was called.

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8
Q

MINERS’ STRIKE AND OTHER INDUSTRIAL DISPUTES

  • Newspapers led by Murdoch tried to reduce the power of the unions - major confrontation at

where, how long did it last

A

Murdoch’s Wrapping plant 1986 where the print unions failed to prevent the publication or distribution of any newspapers – strike collapsed after 13 months.

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9
Q

MINERS’ STRIKE AND OTHER INDUSTRIAL DISPUTES

Miners’ strike 1984-5 was the

what did thatcher say about this?

A

longest and most symbolic strike in the period – thatcher compared the dispute to the Falkland’s conflict and said they were ‘enemies within’.

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10
Q

THE MINERS’ STRIKE 1984-5

  • 1981  National Coal Board warned of the need to
A

close 23 pits, but the government had reduced the amount of coal imported, protecting subsidy, and preventing closures.

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11
Q

THE MINERS’ STRIKE 1984-5

  • 1984 - government fully prepared – huge stocks of coal built up at power stations & North Sea oil made it ???
A

much less likely that there would be an emergency crisis like in 1973.

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12
Q

THE MINERS’ STRIKE 1984-5

  • The NCB announced the need to close 20 pits  Scargill (chairman of NUM) claimed he had seen a secret plan to close

how many?

A

70 pits. Even though it was rejected at the time, in 2014 it was proved that the government had a plan to close 75 pits.

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13
Q

THE MINERS’ STRIKE 1984-5

Scargill did not gain total support for a national strike - he refused to hold a strike ballot which weakened his case. He also failed to

A

overcome the regional divisions among the miners.

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14
Q

THE MINERS’ STRIKE 1984-5

The Nottinghamshire miners formed a breakaway union (UDM) who the Scargillites accused of being traitors, whereas the UDM accused Scargill of

A

caring more about politics than miners’ rights.

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15
Q

THE MINERS’ STRIKE 1984-5

  • Key factor for thathcers win: role of the police – they had new equipment, more experience of riot control and better tactics.

Thatcher’s critics blamed her for

A

the politicisation of the police, claiming they were there to defeat the miners rather than being protectors of law and order.

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16
Q

THE MINERS’ STRIKE 1984-5

what happened at the Battle of Orgreave 1984 -

A

5000 miners vs 8000 police officers resulted in a series of confrontations where 50 picketers and more than 70 police officers were injured. NUM was defeated but there were long lasting accusations of police brutality.

17
Q

THE MINERS’ STRIKE 1984-5

  • Key factor for thatcher’s win = Scargill – alienated the moderates and never got the support of labour party leadership. Many felt sympathy for the miners but..
A

thatcher and her allies in the press demonised Scargill as a dangerous revolutionary challenging the democratically elected government.

18
Q

THE MINERS’ STRIKE 1984-5

The outcome was utter failure - in 1979, 200,000 were employed in the coal industry – in 1990, this was as low as

A

60,000 and falling.

The power of the unions was greatly reduced and total union membership in 1990 was only 2/3 of what it had been in 1970.

19
Q

THE POLL TAX

was also known as the

A

Community Charge - it was thatcher’s last attempt to reform local government finances.

20
Q

THE POLL TAX

  • Aimed to make local councils more accountable by assuring everyone contributed  under the old system local taxation was based on
A

property – was only paid by homeowners.

21
Q

THE POLL TAX

  • Thatcherism believed if everyone contributed, it would be fairer, and councils would be
A

more efficient in their spending.

22
Q

THE POLL TAX

1989 - the poll tax was introduced in

where

A

Scotland and was extremely unpopular.

23
Q

THE POLL TAX

  • 1990 - the poll tax was introduced to England and Wales despite its unpopularity – thatcher’s unwillingness to alter course seemed to
A

highlight her failure to connect with ordinary people.

24
Q

THE POLL TAX

Anti-poll tax unions were set up all over the country urging people not to pay –

what % were not paing

A

30% of people were nonpayers in some areas. The police and courts were unable to enforce payment.

25
Q

THE POLL TAX

1990 - anti-poll tax demonstration in Trafalgar Square –

what happened?

A

200,000 people attended and had turned into a riot. 5000 people were injured, cars were overturned and set on fire. Many shop windows were smashed, followed by an extensive looting that resulted in over 300 arrests.
Police seemed to have lost control and there was again a criticism of politicisation of the police.

26
Q

EXTRA-PARLIAMENTARY OPPOSITION - EDUCATION

Oxford university voted against giving thatcher

A

an honorary degree because of spending cuts to higher education – an honour it had given to every oxford educated post war PM.

27
Q

EXTRA-PARLIAMENTARY OPPOSITION - THE ARTS

The artistic establishment was anti-thatcher due to her cuts in public spending to the arts -

what did they do? 2 examples

A

playwrights wrote plays that satirised Thatcherism and there were a number if TV programmes that showed the social consequences of Thatcherite policies.

28
Q

EXTRA-PARLIAMENTARY OPPOSITION - THE CHURCH

what 2 things did the church do?

A

published a report in 1985 called faith in the city that called on the government to do more to help deprived communities and bishops were outspoken in their criticism of Thatcherite policies and their impact on society.

29
Q

EXTRA-PARLIAMENTARY OPPOSITION - PRESSURE GROUPS

There were many protest movements that worked outside the traditional framework of parliamentary politics, such as shelter – campaigned against the increasing homeless problem; and age concern – campaigned against pensioner poverty.
CND continued to attract a lot of support - why

A

especially after thatcher’s determined backing for the policy pf deterrence and stepping up the arms race against the USSR.

30
Q

PRESSURE GROUPS - Pacifism and feminism: the Greenham women

briefly describe what they did in
1879
1981
1983
1984

A

1979  American cruise missiles to be stored in Britain. In reaction to this, CND organised mass protest marches.
1981  group of women protestors set a camp outside Greenham common base where the missiles were to be based – it remained for 19 years and became a symbol of feminism and pacifism.
1983  when cruise missiles were due to arrive, 70,000 protesters formed a 14-mile human chain of protest.
1984  Newbury local council evicted the women and demolished the camp, but the women returned and rebuilt it.
The camp remained a powerful symbol even after the cruise missiles left the site in 1991 – it was kept going to protest against trident. It was closed in 2000.

31
Q

PRESSURE GROUPS - Environmentalism

Environmental concerns continued to grow after a series of disaster such as the Bhopal gas leak in India and Chernobyl nuclear accident in Russia, a growing understanding of the long term impacts of CFCs

which were and what was the effect on pressure groups

A

(chemical compounds that deplete the ozone layer – harmful radiation from the sun is nor filtered out effectively) leading to the Antarctic ozone hole, and damage done to buildings and lakes by acid rains led to environmental pressure groups to grow in strength.