Thanato Microbiology Pathology Flashcards by Kindra Hill

Which of the following is an examination of the organs and tissues of the body to determine cause of death or pathological condition?

A)autopsy
B)necropsy
C)Postmortem exam
D)All of the above

D)All of the above

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Which of the following types of pathology deals with the study of tissue specimens excised surgically during operations?

A)General pathology
B) Special pathology
C)Clinical pathology
D)Surgical pathology

D)Surgical pathology

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Which of the following is not a benefit of an autopsy?

A)Confirm or alter clinical diagnosis
B)Describe the progression of the death struggle
C)Advance medical knowledge and research
D)Assist in medicolegal cases to determine identification of the deceased and the cause and manner or death

B)Describe the progression of the death struggle

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Which of the following refers to a disease that can be passed from one person to another?

A)Chronic
B)Fulminate
C)Communicable
D)Congenital

C)Communicable

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Which of the following refers to the cause of a disease?

A) Pathogenesis
B)Sign
C)Symptom
D)Etiology

D)Etiology

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Which of the following describes a disease characterized by a long duration?

A)Fulminant
B)Recurrent
C)Chronic
D)Acute

C)Chronic

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A disease with readily identifiable characteristic lesions.

A)Organic
B)Functional
C)Idiopathic
D)Iatrogenic

A)Organic

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Which of the following is not a predisposing condition of disease?

A)Toxins
B)Race
C)Age
D)Sex

A)Toxins

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A serious reduction of blood flow in the body

A)Edema
B)Thrombus
C)Circulatory shock
D)Embolism

C)Circulatory shock

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An area of tissue which has died.

A)Hematoma
B)Ischemia
C)Infarct
D)Embolus

C)Infarct

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Which of the following may cause an embolism?

A)Bacteria
B)Fat
C)Foreign particles
D)All of the above

D)All of the above

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Which is not an embalming implication of gangrene?

A)Discoloration
B)Putrefaction
C)Bad odors
D) Necessitates removal of pus.

D) Necessitates removal of pus.

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Which is not a regressive tissue change?

A)Infiltration
B)Hemoptysis
C)Degeneration
D)Atrophy

B)Hemoptysis

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Melanosis is an example of:

A)Endogenous pigmentation
B)Exogenous infiltration
C)Atrophy
D)Hypertrophy

A)Endogenous pigmentation

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Anthracosis results from inhaling _____ dust.

A)Coal
B)Stone
C)Cotton
D)All of the above

A)Coal

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Decrease in size of a part that is a normal regular occurrence in the body.

A)Pathological atrophy
B)Hypotrophy
C)Cloudy swelling
D)Physiological atrophy

D)Physiological atrophy

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Serous exudate contains:

A)Red blood cells
B)White blood cells
C)Pus
D)Clear portion of the blood

D)Clear portion of the blood

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Which cells are primarily involved in phagocytosis?

A)Lymphocytes
B)neutrophils
C)White blood cells
D)Both Neutrophils and white blood cells

D)Both Neutrophils and white blood cells

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The termination of an inflammatory reaction, with the body part returned to normal use.

A)Cicatrix
B)Regeneration
C)Repair
D)Resolution

D)Resolution

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Malignant tumors are usually encapsulated

A) True
B) False

B) False

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Tumor of lymph tissue

A)Lipoma
B)Hodgkin’s Disease
C)Fibroma
D)Osteoma

B)Hodgkin’s Disease

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A pigmented tumor

A)Wart
B)Mole
C)Papilloma
D)Polyp

B)Mole

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Which of the following is often an embalming complication with tumors?

A)Discoloration
B)Hemorrhage
C)Tissue deformation
D)All of the above

D)All of the above

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A malignancy of the hemopoietic tissues in the body

A)Leukocytosis
B)Leukopenia
C)Leukemia
D)Polycythemia

C)Leukemia

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Byssinosis results from inhaling _____ dust.

A)Coal
B)Stone
C)Cotton
D)All of the above

C)Cotton

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Carcinomas designates malignancies of:

A)Lymph tissue
B)Epithelial tissue
C)Cartilage
D)Bone

B)Epithelial tissue

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An area of pus surrounded by a wall of inflammatory tissue

vesicle
Abscess
Ulcer
Furuncle

Abscess

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An abscess locate in the deeper layers of the skin

vesicle
Abscess
Ulcer
Furuncle

Furuncle

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A localized area of necrosis on the skin or mucous membrane

vesicle
Abscess
Ulcer
Furuncle

Ulcer

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An elevation on the skin containing fluid

vesicle
Abscess
Ulcer
Furuncle

vesicle

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Another term for Secondary anemias

A)Hereditary
B)Congential
C)Hemolytic
D)Hemophilia

C)Hemolytic

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A decrease in the number of platelets

A)Leukopenia
B)Anemia
C)Polycythemia
D)Thrombocytopenia

D)Thrombocytopenia

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Which of the following is a hemolytic anemia

A)Hemophilia
B)Sickle Cell anemia
C)Erythroblastosis fetalis
D)Both Sickle cell and erythroblastosis fetalis

D)Both Sickle cell and erythroblastosis fetalis

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This anemia is characterized by a virtual stoppage of blood cell production

A)Sickle cell anemia
B)Pernicious anemia
C)Hemophilia
D)Aplastic anemia

D)Aplastic anemia

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An increase in the size of the heart due to a stretching on the fibers

A)Hypertrophy
B)Hyperplasia
C)Atrophy
D)Dilatation

D)Dilatation

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Death of heart tissue due to lack of blood supply

A)Myocardial infarction
B)Heart attack
C)Endocarditis
D)Both Myocardial infarction and heart attack

D)Both Myocardial infarction and heart attack

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Characterized by one or more of the heart valves turning backwards into the atrium

A)Prolapse
B)Endocarditis
C)Myocarditis
D)Both Prolapse and Myocarditis

A)Prolapse

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Which of the following is true of Aschoff’s bodies?

A)Present with rheumatic heart disease
B)they are small nodules
C)Eventually develop into scar tissue
D)All of the above

D)All of the above

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Which congenital heart defect is characterized by an opening between the pulmonary artery and the aorta that fails to close.

A)Arteriosclerosis
B)Atherosclerosis
C)Patent ductus arteriousus
D)Cardiomyopathy

C)Patent ductus arteriousus

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A bulging sac-like dilation on the wall of an artery is a fusiform aneurysm

A) True
B) False

B) False

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Inflammation of the tongue

A)Glossitis
B)Gingivitis
C)Stomatitis
D)Pharyngitis

A)Glossitis

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Inflammation of the stomach

A)Esophagitis
B)Gastritis
C)Hematamesis
D)peritonitis

B)Gastritis

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Normal bacteria (normal flora) may cause intestinal infections

A) True
B) False

A) True

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This form of Hepatitis is transmitted through contaminated food and water

A)Hep A
B)Hep B
C)Hep C
D)Non Hep A or Non Hep B

A)Hep A

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Inflammation ofa bile duct

A)Cholecystitis
B)Cystitis
C)Cholelithiasis
D)Cholangitis

D)Cholangitis

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Acute Coryza is another name for ____

A)Influenza
B)Sinusitis
C)Rhinitis
D)The common cold

D)The common cold

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A form of allergy characterized by hypersecretion of mucous and spasms of the bronchial muscles

A)Hay fever
B)Acute Coryza
C) Rhinitis
D)Asthma

D)Asthma

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Inflammation of the pleura

A)Pneumonia
B)Pleurisy
C)empyema
D)Pyrothorax

B)Pleurisy

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Inflammation of the lungs

A)Pneumonia
B)Pleurisy
C)Pleuritis
D)Pyrothorax

A)Pneumonia

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This respiratory disease is characterized by non infectious long term chronic deterioration and destruction of lung tissue.

A)Pneumonia
B)Atelectasis
C)Hemothorax
D)Emphysema

D)Emphysema

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This disease is caused bya mycobacterium

A)Tuberculosis
B)Pneumoconiosis
C)emphysema
D)anthracosis

A)Tuberculosis

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Tuberculosis is characterized by

A)Tubercles
B)Cavitation
C)Caseation necrosis
D)All of the above

D)All of the above

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Inflammation of the filtering capillaries in the kidney.

A)nephritis
B)Glomerulonephritis
C)Nephrosclerosis
D)Pyelitis

B)Glomerulonephritis

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Inflammation of the kidney pelvis only

A)Nephritis
B)Pyelitis
C)Pyelonephritis
D)Hematuria

B)Pyelitis

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A condition of excess sugar in the urine

A)Hematuria
B)hemoglobinuria
C)polyuria
D)glycosuria

D)glycosuria

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Uremia is a problem for embalmers because

A)It can cause tissue deformation requiring extensive cosmetic work
B)It candecrease formaldehyde demand
C)It can create a strong odor
D)Create a strong odor anddecrease formaldehyde demand

C)It can create a strong odor

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Cranial hemorrhage between the arachnoid and the pia

A)extra-dural
B)sub-dural
C)epidural
D)sub-arachnoid

D)sub-arachnoid

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An injury to the brain where the skin has not been broken at the site of the injury.

A)Contusion
B)Concussion
C)Myelitis
D)none of the above

A)Contusion

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Inflammation of the brain

A)Encephalitis
B)Meningitis
C)Myelitis
D)Poliomyelitis

A)Encephalitis

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Viral encephalitis can be transmitted by

A)Rat flea
B)ticks
C)lice
D)mosquitos

D)mosquitos

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Atemporary interference with the blood supply to a part of the brain

A)Apoplexy
B)Cerebrovascular Accident
C)Stroke
D)Transient ischemic attack

D)Transient ischemic attack

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Which of the following is cause by a prion?

A)Parkinson’s disease
B)Creutzfeldt-Jakob
C)Poliomyelitis
D)Epilepsy

B)Creutzfeldt-Jakob

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This disease is characterized by the destruction of the myelin sheath

A)Parkinson’s disease
B)Multiple sclerosis
C)Epilepsy
D)All of the above

B)Multiple sclerosis

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The lesion that accompanies primary syphilis is called a

A)Chancre
B)Koplik psot
C)Gumma
D)None of the above

A)Chancre

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When the testes do not descend into the scrotum it is call

A)oophoritis
B)metritis
C)salpingitis
D) Cryptorchism

D) Cryptorchism

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Travel of endometrial tissue outside of the uterus is called

A)Metritis
B)Endometritis
C)Endometriosis
D)Endocervicitis

C)Endometriosis

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The organism that causes syphilis is called

A)Neisseria gonorrhea
B)Treponema pallidum
C)Streptococcus pyogenes
D)Chlamydia trachomatis

B)Treponema pallidum

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Osteoarthritis tends to affect young adults

A) True
B) False

B) False

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A diet deficient in Vitamin C may cause rickets

A) True
B) False

B) False

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Lordosis can also be called “humpback”

A) True
B) False

B) False

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A fracture in which the bone is crushed or splintered

A)Compound
B)Greenstick
C)complete
D)comminuted

D)comminuted

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Nevi is another term for acne.

A) True
B) False

B) False

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Eczema is a type of dermatitis

A) True
B) False

A) True

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Lupus vulgaris is a ________ infection of the skin

A)Syphilis
B)Tuberculosis
C)Scarlet fever
D)Staph

B)Tuberculosis

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Two or more furuncles that communicate under the skin

A)Dermatomycosis
B)Lupus vulgaris
C)Seborrheic dermatitis
D)carbuncle

D)carbuncle

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This is caused by a hypersecretion of the pituitary gland that affects adults after their bones have ossified.

A)Giantism
B)Acromegaly
C)Simmond’s disease
D)Diabetes insiipdus

B)Acromegaly

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Exophthalmic goiter is also known as

A)Myxedema
B)Diabetes insipidus
C)Simmond’s disease
D)Grave’s disease

D)Grave’s disease

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This is a form of hypoadrenalism in which hormones that control water and salt levels in the body are affected.

A)Cushing’s disease
B)Myxedema
C) Addison’s disease
D)Simmond’s disease

C) Addison’s disease

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This disease is characterized by obesity that usually occurs onthe trunk of the body resulting in the build-up of a fatty pad over the shoulders and upper back

A)Grave’s disease
B)Diabetes insipidus
C)Cushing’s syndrome
D)Addison’s disease

C)Cushing’s syndrome

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Glycosuria is excess ____ in the urine.

A)Blood
B)Ammonia
C)Sugar
D)Lipids

C)Sugar

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This disease is often discussed in connection with the adrenal glands but is actually a blood infection caused by meningococcus.

A)Diabetes mellitus
B)Diabetes insipidus
C)Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome
D)Grave’s disease

C)Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome

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Malaria is spread through which of the following vectors?

Fleas
Human body lice
Mosquitoes
Ticks

Mosquitoes

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Which of the following refers to fungal infections of the skin, hair and nails?

Kuru
Owl’s eyes
Thrush
Tineas

Tineas

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Which of the following diseases is spread through handling contaminated cat feces?

Cryptosporidiosis
Giardia
Histoplasmosis
Toxoplasmosis

Toxoplasmosis

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Which of the following microorganisms causes African trypanosomiasis and is spread by the tsetse fly?

Bacteria
Fungi
Protozoa
Viruses

Protozoa

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Which of the following is the most commonly identified waterborne illness in the United States?

Amebiasis
Cryptosporidiosis
Giardiasis
Toxoplasmosis

Giardiasis

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What is the study of those life forms that require the aid of a microscope to be seen?

Microbiology
Myology
Pathology
Zoology

Microbiology

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What is the science of structure and form without regard to function?

Morphology
Myology
Physiology
Protozoology

Morphology

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Bacteria typically reproduces by a process called

autotrophism
binary fission
osmosis
parasitism

binary fission

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The process of completely removing or destroying all microorganisms on a substance by exposure to cehmical or physical agents, exposure to ionizing radiation or by filtering gas or liquids through porous matrerials that remove microorganisms is called

boiling
fumigation
scrubbing
sterilization

sterilization

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The state or condition in which the body, or part of it, is invaded by a pathogenic agent that under favorable conditions multiplies and produces injurious effects is called

attenuation
contamination
infection
infestation

infection

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A substance that induces the formation of antibodies that interact specifically with it is a(n)

antigen
gastric juice
interferon
lysozyme

antigen

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The genus of the organism with the pathogenicity of tetanus or lockjaw is

clostridium
corynebacterium
granciscella
salmonella

clostridium

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The causative organism in primary atypical pneumonia is

klebsiella
mycobacterium
mycoplasma
streptococcus

mycoplasma

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They differ from bacteria in that they are obligate parasites requiring living cells for growth, and differ from viruses in that they are retined by the Berkefeld filter. They are

proteus
rickettsia
shigella
vibrio

rickettsia

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Which of the following terms refers to viral infections that favor the body’s abdominal organs?

Dermatropic
Pneumotropic
Neurotropic
Viscerotropic

Viscerotropic

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Skin lesions caused by the herpes zoster virus are known as which of the following?

Dermatomycoses
Ringworms
Shingles
Trypanosomiasis

Shingles

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The first vaccine was developed by Edward Jenner, and it was a vaccine for which of the following?

Chickenpox
Measles
Polio
Smallpox

Smallpox

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Orchitis and sterility can result from which of the following diseases?

Mononucleosis
Mumps
Poliomyelitis
Rabies

Mumps

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Which of the following types of hepatitis is spread through contact with blood and body fluids?

Hepatitis A
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis C
Hepatitis D

Hepatitis B

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A genus of microorganisms that causes a wide spread of diseases in man and animals, including ornithosis, lumphogranuloma vereum and trachoma is

chlamydia
mycoplasma
rickettsia
treponema

chlamydia

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A minute organism not visible with an ordinary light microsope is a

bacteria
fungi
protozoa
virus

virus

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Which of the following is NOT a fungal infection?

Candidasis
Cryptococcosis
Dermatomycosis
Giardiasis

Giardiasis

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Which of the following is the causative organism in amebic dysentery?

Clostridium perfringens
Entamoeba histolytica
Pheumocystis carinii
Plasmodium malaria

Entamoeba histolytica

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A disease often associated with improperly cooked pork is called

hepatitis
malaria
pneumonia
trichinosis

trichinosis

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Viruses are unaffected by the action of

antibodies
antibiotics
interferon
phagocytes

antibiotics

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An organism that feeds on dead organic matter only is a

faculative aerobe
faculative anaerobe
strict parasite
strict saprophyte

strict saprophyte

Which of the following is true concerning a child who has been diagnosed with Rubeola?

Active immunity will be established
Antobiotic therapy will minimize severity
Relapse will likely occur
Subsequent exposures will result in serious illness

Active immunity will be established

Rickettsia rickettsii is:

A flea-borne disease
A tick-borne disease
Inclusion conjuctivitis
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

1 and 3
1 and 4
2 and 3
2 and 4

2 and 4

Which of the following are true of malignant neoplasms?

Causes tissue change
Grows by expansion
Grows by infiltration
Resembles the tissue of origin

1 and 2
1 and 3
2 and 4
3 and 4

1 and 3

Pneumococci usually leaves the body through the

blood
feces
nose and mouth
urine

nose and mouth

Which of the following microorganisms has a characteristic fried-egg appearance?

Chlamydia pneumonia
Coxiella burnetii
Mycoplasma pneumonia
Rickettsia Rickettsii

Mycoplasma pneumonia

Which of the following diseases is characterized by the presence of a measles-like rash on the palms of the hands and the soles of the feet.

Lymphogranuloma vernereum
Rocky Mountain spotted fever
Q fever
Tuberculosis

Rocky Mountain spotted fever

In which of the following diseases might the tongue be covered with a white fur or discolored black and rolled up in the back of the mouth?

Endemic typhus
Epidemic typhus
Q fever
Rocky Mountain spotted fever

Epidemic typhus

Which of the following microorganisms undergoes both an infectious stage of growth and a non-infectious stage of growth?

Chlamydia
Mycobacteria
Mycoplasmas
Rickettsia

Chlamydia

Which of the following microorganisms is the smallest free-living organism in nature?

Chlamydia
Mycobacteria
Mycoplasmas
Rickettsia

Mycoplasmas

Which of the following is characteristic of the primary stage of syphilis?

A) A chancre appears on the genitals
B) A rash is present on the palms of the hands and the soles of the feet
C) Cardiac failure and paralysis occur
D) Rubber-like lesions called gummas appear on the body

A) A chancre appears on the genitals

Which of the following diseases is characterized by a bull’s-eye rash?

Anthrax
Legionnaires’ disease
Lyme disease
Toxic shock syndrome

Lyme disease

Which of the following diseases is caused by a spirochete?

Botulism
Gas gangrene
Food poisoning
Leptospirosis

Leptospirosis

Which of the following diseases is characterized by sore throat, fever, fatigue, swelling of the neck and a tough grayish pseudomembrane in the throat?

Diptheria
Rheumatic fever
Shigellosis
Typhoid

Diptheria

Corynebacteria have been shown to cause which of the following types of infections in humans?

A) Abdominal cramps, diarrhea with pus, rice-water stool and bloody vomiting
B) Endocarditis, urinary infections and respiratory illness after contact with infected sheep
C) Paralysis, demyelization of peripheral neurons, colitis and enteritis
D) Stomach ulcers, meningitis and pneumonia

B) Endocarditis, urinary infections and respiratory illness after contact with infected sheep

Which of the following portals of exit and entry allow the spread of pathogens causing tetanus, malria, African sleeping sickness, typhoid fever, tuberculosis, dysentery, rabies, typhus fever and bubonic plague?

Digestive tract
Genitourinary tract
Respiratory tract
Skin and mucous membrane

Skin and mucous membrane

Which of the following is a carrier, usually an insect or other anthropod, that transmits the causative organism of disease from infected to non-infected individuals?

Host
Pathogen
Reservior
Vector

Vector

Which of the following describes infection caused by bacteria that are normally non-pathogenic and that normally inhabit the digestive tract?

Endogenous infection
Exogenous infection
Mixed infection
Opportunistic infection

Opportunistic infection

Which of the following describes the state or condition in which the body, or part of the body, is invaded by a pathogenic agent that, under favorable conditions, multiplies and produces injurious effects?

Aerosolization
Attenuation
Contamination
Infection

Infection

Which of the following is a chemical enzyme in the body that uses water to break down the peptidoglycan layer in prokaryotic pathogens?

Antibody
Immunoglobulin
Interferon
Lysozyme

Lysozyme

Which of the following is the process of completely removing or destroying all life-forms, endospores or their products on or in a substance?

Antisepsis
Disinfection
Scrubbing
Sterilization

Sterilization

Which of the following physical methods of sterilization incorporates both free-flowing steam and pressure?

Autoclaves
Boiling
Cremation
Incineration

Autoclaves

Which of the following is a concentrated liquid form of formaldehyde which is 37% formaldehyde by mass and 40% by volume?

Cepacol
Glutaraldehyde
Formalin
Tincture

Formalin

Which of the following types of disinfectants includes benzalkonium chloride?

Bleaches
Halogens
Phenols
Quaternary ammonium compounds

Quaternary ammonium compounds

Which of the following is an effective disinfectant and a cold chemical sterilant?

Glutaraldehyde
Halogens
Iodine
Isopropyl alcohol

Glutaraldehyde

Which of the following types of microorganisms would be most likely to survive in the dry air of the American Southwest?

Bacteria
Fungi
Prions
Viruses

Fungi

Why do yeast infections occur more frequently in the vagina than other areas of the body?

A) The fungi that cause yeast infections are indigenous to the vagina and cannot survive anywhere else
B) The fungi that cause yeast infections only grow on the penis and are spread sexually
C) The fungi causing yeast infections require more moist areas of the body to grow
D) The vagina is more acidic and supports the growth of the fungi that cause yeast infections

D) The vagina is more acidic and supports the growth of the fungi that cause yeast infections

Which of the following are bacteria that prefer moderate temperatures and grow best between 25 and 40 degree C?

Facultative
Mesophiles
Psychrophiles
Thermophiles

Mesophiles

Which of the following terms describes the need for viruses, viroids and prions to live only in a host cell due to their lack of internal structures that produce energy or utilize nutrients?

Heterotrophs
Microaerophilic
Obligate parasites
Saprophytes

Obligate parasites

Which of the following refers to organisms that only survive on dead or decaying organic matter?

Autotrophic microbes
Obligate anaerobes
Obligate saprophytes
Strict parasites

Obligate saprophytes

Which of the following is a sticky, gelatinous coating that surrounds the cell wall of prokaryotic cells?

Fimbriae
Flagella
Glycocalyx
Pili

Glycocalyx

Which of the following is not a characteristic of gram-positive bacteria?

A) They are killed easily by penicillin and sulfonamide drugs
B) They are more permeable to basic dyes
C) They have a cell wall composed of few lipids
D) They have less complex nutritional requirements

They have less complex nutritional requirements

Which of the following is a method of asexual reproduction in bacteria in which the cell splits into two parts, each of which develops into a complete
individual?

Binary fission
Endospore formation
Sporulation
Vegetation

Binary fission

Bacteria shaped like a sphere are known as which of the following?

Bacillus
Coccus
Spirilla
Spirochete

Coccus

Which of the following refers to bacteria with a spiral or helical shape?

Spirillum
Spirochete
Streptobacilli
Vibrio

Spirillum

The belief that life-forms can spontaneously appear from nonliving matter is known as which of the following?

Cell theory
Germ theory
Magic Bullet theory
Spontaneous generation

Spontaneous generation

When first seen by scientists through a microscope, microorganisms and cells were referred to as which of the following?

Animalcules
Cells
Little boxes
Vacca

Animalcules

Which of the following refers to the theory that the growth of microorganisms can be controlled because living cells can only arise from pre-existing living cells?

Cell theory
Germ theory
Spontaneous generation
Theory of Biogenesis

Theory of Biogenesis

Which of the following refers to the theory that microorganisms cause disease?

Cell theory
Germ theory
Spontaneous generation
Theory of Biogenesis

Germ theory

Which of the following refers to the theory that all living beings are composed of individual cells?

Cell theory
Germ theory
Spontaneous generation
Theory of Biogenesis

Cell theory

An infection of the tonsils in which the tonsils become inflamed is known as which of the following?

Hodgkin’s lymphoma
Lymphangitis
Lymphoma
Tonsilitis

Tonsilitis

Which of the following may occur in cases of sickle cell anemia?

Lymphadenopathy
Lymphangitis
Lymphoma
Splenomegaly

Splenomegaly

Which of the following diseases is the result of a proliferation of lymphocytes and leukocytes within a lymph node or by the presence of a tumor in a lymph node?

Lymphadenopathy
Lymphangitis
Lymphoma
Splenomegaly

Lymphadenopathy

Which of the following refers to a collection of many varied lymphomas?

Hodgkin’s
Leukemia
Lymphadenopathy
Non-Hodgkin’s

Non-Hodgkin’s

Which of the following disorders is characterized by red streaks extending from the infected area to the axillary space or groin?

Leukemia
Lymphadenopathy
Lymphangitis
Lymphoma

Lymphangitis

Which of the following lesions is indicative of the tertiary stage of syphilis?

A chancre
A cold sore
A gumma
A red rash on the soles of the feet

A gumma

Which of the following is noted by the presence of silvery scales on the skin?

Eczema
Psoriasis
Seborrhea
Vitiligo

Psoriasis

Which of the following is related to the application of cosmetics or hormonal changes?

Acne
Eczema
Seborrhea
Syphilis

Acne

Which of the following is a localized collection of pus that results from invasion of a pyogenic bacterium or other pathogen?

Abcess
Chancre
Gumma
Papule

Abcess

Which of the following disorders of the integument is characterized by depigmentation of the skin?

Acne
Eczema
Psoriasis
Vitiligo

Vitiligo

A goiter is an excessive growth of which of the following glands?

Adrenal
Parathyroid
Pituitary
Thyroid

Thyroid

Which of the following is characterized by arrested physical and mental development, dystrophy of the bones and lowered basal metabolism?

Cretinism
Hyperparathyroidism
Hyperthyroidism
Waterhouse-Friderichsen Syndrome

Cretinism

Which of the following is not associated with hyperparathyroidism?

Aldosterone
Chvostek’s sign
Tetany
Trousseau’s sign

Aldosterone

Which of the following results from an excess of the hormone cortisol?

Addison’s Disease
Cushing’s Syndrome
Down Syndrome
Graves’ Disease

Cushing’s Syndrome

Which of the following is a disorder occurring when the adrenal glands fail to produce enough of the hormones cortisol or aldosterone?

Addison’s Disease
Cushing’s Syndrome
Graves’ Disease
Hypoparathyroidism

Addison’s Disease

Which of the following is a development disorder of the spine in which the spinal column exhibits a lateral curvature?

Cystic Fibrosis
Rickets
Scoliosis
Spina Bifida

Scoliosis

Which of the following is an inflammatory disorder of the bone marrow resulting from pyogenic bacteria?

Osteoarthritis
Osteomalacia
Osteomyelitis
Osteoporosis

Osteomyelitis

Which of the following disorders often results in a “humped” back?

Bursitis
Down Syndrome
Osteomyelitits
Osteoporosis

Osteoporosis

Which of the following is not a sign of arthritis?

Abcess formation in the joints
Lack of flexibility of the joints
Redness
Swelling of the joints

Abcess formation in the joints

Which of the following types of fractures may be indicative of physical abuse?

Compound fracture of the finger
Depressed fracture of the pelvis
Impacted fracture of the scapula
Twisting fracture of the forearm

Twisting fracture of the forearm

When treating hydrocele, which of the following procedures should be followed?

Aspirate the edemetous area by needle aspiration directly through the scrotum using several points of injection to reach all areas of edemetous fluid.
Aspirate the edemetous fluid through a trocar inserted in the abdomen and directed toward the affected area.
Apply topical embalming chemicals directly to the external surface of the affected area.
Hypodermically inject cavity fluid directly into the scrotum using several points of injection to reach all areas of edemetous fluid.

1 and 3
1 and 4
2 and 3
2 and 4

2 and 3

Which of the following disorders can result from mumps infection in young boys?

Cryptochism
Hernia
Orchitis
Prostatitis

Orchitis

Which of the following describes the most advanced form of cancer?

Stage A
Stage B
Stage C
Stage D

Stage D

Which of the following is not a form of testicular cancer?

Choriosarcinoma
Cryptorchidism
Nonseminomas
Teratoma

Cryptorchidism

Which of the following disorders only develops in males?

Breast cancer
Endometritis
Pelvic inflammatory disease
Prostate cancer

Prostate cancer

Endometriomas are also known as which of the following?

Endometriosis
Orchitis
Ovarian blood cysts
Tubal preganancies

Ovarian blood cysts

Which type of masectomy is most invasive?

Modified radical
Radical
Simple
Subcutaneous

Radical

Which of the following refers to sacs filled with fluids that develop on or within the ovary?

Cystitis
Oophoritis
Ovarian cysts
Pre-eclampsia

Ovarian cysts

Which of the following is a condition in which the fertilized egg fails to implant itself in the uterine wall and implants outside the uterus?

Ectopic pregnancy
Endocervitis
Endometritis
Salpingitis

Ectopic pregnancy

Which of the following disorders is related to seizures and sudden death of mothers after about the 20th week of pregnancy?

Eclampsia
Ectopic pregnancy
Epilepsy
Myalgia

Eclampsia

Which of the following disorders is characterized by flaccid limb paralysis, incontinence and weakness or numbness of the limbs?

Alzheimer’s Disease
Epilepsy
Myelitis
Parkinson’s Disease

Myelitis

Which type of hematoma typically results from degenerative disorders like Alzheimer’s disease, rather than from blunt force trauma?

Chronic subdural
Epidural
Extradural
Subarachnoid

Chronic subdural

Which of the following is a condition in which the cerbrospinal fluid fails to be properly drained or absorbed, causing the ventricles of the brain ti fill with cerebrospinal fluid?

Alzheimer’s Disease
Concussion
Hydrocephalus
Parkinson’s Disease

Hydrocephalus

Which of the following is a type of brain cancer?

Epilepsy
Glioma
Myelitis
Spina Bifida

Glioma

Alzheimer’s disease is associated with which of the following tissue disorders?

Amyloid Degeneration
Inflammation
Necrosis
Pigmentation

Amyloid Degeneration

Which of the following is characterized by the sudden onset of blood and protein in the urine accompanied by salt and water retention?

Acute Glomerulonephritis
Cystitis
Hydronephrosis
Pyelitis

Acute Glomerulonephritis

Which of the following is a disease condition of the kidney brought on by excess build-up of urine?

Bright’s Disease
Hydronephrosis
Nephrolithiasis
Renal Failure

Hydronephrosis

What effect does excess nitrogenous waste in the tissues have on the embalming process?

It can spread to the public causing an infectious disease
It causes an odor
It causes cavitation of the lung tissue
It increases formaldehyde demand

1 and 4
2 and 3
2 and 4
3 and 4

2 and 4

Transitional cell carcinoma is most likely to occur in which of the following organs?

Kidney
Lung
Trachea
Urinary Bladder

Urinary Bladder

Which of the following is commonly referred to as kidney infection?

Cystitis
Glomerulonephrosis
Pyelitis
Pyelonephritis

Pyelonephritis

Which of the following is a condition in which the mucous lining of the bronchi become irritated, and the bronchi proceed to swell shut causing a reduction in air flow?

Asthma
COPD
Emphysema
Pneumoconiosis

Asthma

Which of the following conditions is characterized by a loss of lung volume due to inadequate expansion of airspaces?

Asthma
Atelectasis
COPD
Emphysema

Atelectasis

Which of the following occurs after death in most drownings?

Heart or brain failure
Hypoxemia
Lactic acidosis
Water enters the lungs

Water enters the lungs

Which of the following conditions is a respiratory disorder involving both asthma and emphysema?

Anthracosis
Berylliosis
COPD
Pleurisy

COPD

Which of the following is a condition characterized by blood in the pleural space?

Cyanosis
Flail Chest
Hemorrhagic Pleurisy
Silicosis

Hemorrhagic Pleurisy

Which of the following disorders of the pancreas can cause a bluish discoloration on the flanks of the abdomen and the umbilical region?

Diabetes Mellitus
Hemorrhagic Pancreatitis
Necrotizing Pancreatitits
Pancreatic Cancer

Necrotizing Pancreatitits

Which of the following disorders is characterized by an intolerance for fatty foods?

Cholelithiasis
Crohn’s Disease
Esophagitis
Pancreatitits

Cholelithiasis

Which of the following does not describe Crohn’s Disease?

An inflammatory bowel disease
Enteritis
Ileitis
Ulcerative Colitis

Ulcerative Colitis

Which of the following is an inflammation of the stomach lining that can be caused by chronic excessive alcohol consumption?

Esophagitis
Gastritis
Gingivitis
Stomach Cancer

Gastritis

Which of the following is caused by the liver’s inability to metabolize iron?

Bronze Diabetes
Cirrhosis of the Liver
Hepatitis
Liver Cancer

Bronze Diabetes

Which of the following is not considered to be a predisposing factor for cardiovascular diseases?

Chemical agents
Hypertension
Obesity
Tobacco use

Chemical agents

Which of the following may occur when the surface of the lining of the heart is damaged due to blood clots that traumatize the tissues?

Atrial Septal Defect
Endocarditis
Pericarditis
Rheumatic Heart Disease

Endocarditis

Which of the following begins with excess fluid accumulation that disturbs the electrolyte and protein balance in the pericardial sac?

Cardiac Dilation
Cardiac Tamponade
Cardiomyopathy
Myocardial Infarction

Cardiac Tamponade

Which of the following is an abnormal enlargement of an artery caused by damage to or weakness in the blood vessel wall?

Aneurysm
Arteriosclerosis
Atherosclerosis
Endocarditis

Aneurysm

Which of the following is an inflammatory condition of the veins of the legs, in which blood clots form along the walls and valves of the vein?

Arteritis
Phlebitis
Thrombus
Varicose Veins

Phlebitis

Which of the following disorders is caused by the premature rupture of red blood cells?

Erythrocytosis
Hemolytic Anemia
Hemophilia
Sickle Cell Anemia

Hemolytic Anemia

Which of the following diseases is characterized by a significant decrease in the number of white blood cells?

Erythroblastosis Fetalis
Leukemia
Leukocytosis
Leucopenia

Leucopenia

Which of the following is a hemorrhagic disorder caused by a decrease in the number of circulating blood platelets?

Hemophilia
Melena
Thrombocytopenic Purpura
Thrombosis

Thrombocytopenic Purpura

Which of the following is due to a lack of blood clotting protein factor VIII?

Aplastic Anemia
Christmas Disease
Hemophilia A
Hemophilia B

Hemophilia A

Which of the following diseases is believed to have evolved through a genetic alteration to protect the body against malaria?

Hemophilia
Leukemia
Sickle Cell Anemia
Thrombocytopenia

Sickle Cell Anemia

Which of the following is true of benign tumors?

They cause extensive tissue damage
They cause whole-body changes
They grow by expansion
They metastasize, creating secondary foci

They grow by expansion

Which of the following is another name for a melanocytic nevus?

Birthmark
Freckle
Mole
Wart

Mole

Which of the following is a benign tumor?

Glioma
Lymphoma
Melanoma
Osteoma

Osteoma

Which of the following tumors is found in the urinary tract?

Angiosarcoma
Chondrosarcoma
Rhabdomyosarcoma
Transitional Cell Carcinoma

Transitional Cell Carcinoma

Which of the following tumors originates from epithelial tissue?

Fibrosarcoma
Hodgkin’s Lymphoma
Neuroma
Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Which of the following is edema of the scrotum?

Hemoptysis
Hydrocele
Hydropericardium
Hydrothrorax

Hydrocele

The presence of an embolus in the coronary artery, which supplies blood to the myocardium, might cause which of the following?

Eventual hypoxia of the cells in the myocardium
Immediate hypopericardium
Ischemia leading to a myocardial infarction
Passive hyperemia in the myocardium

1 and 2
1 and 3
1 and 4
3 and 4

1 and 3

Maroon-colored stool indicates that bleeding is occurring in which portion of the digestive tract?

Esophagus
Ileum or Jejunum
Rectum
Stomach

Ileum or Jejunum

Which of the following results from the slowing of blood flow?

The blood becomes less viscous
The blood clots
The blood transports large proteins into the interstistial fluids
The blood warms

The blood clots

Which of the following is a hemorrhage characterized by pinpoint bleeding?

Ecchymosis
Epistaxis
Hemoptysis
Petechia

Petechia

Which of the following are short-lived cells that are the first to enter an injury site?

Basophils
Eosinophils
Lymphocytes
Neutrophils

Neutrophils

Which of the following is a specific pathological structural or functional change brought about by a disease?

Chronic Inflammation
Function Laesa
Inflammatory Exudate
Lesion

Lesion

Which of the following statements describes the purpose of vasoconstriction of the venules surrounding a puncture wound?

A) Vasconstriction of the venules attracts chemical defenses of the body to the injury site
B) Vasconstriction of the venules prevents the initial spread of the infection
C) Vasoconstriction of the venules stops excessive bleeding
D) Vasoconstriction of the venules stops swelling

B) Vasconstriction of the venules prevents the initial spread of the infection

Which of the following is true of an abscess?

It contains pus
It is a localized area of infection
It is the cause of scar tissue formation
It protects surrounding tissue from further damage by walling off the infection

1, 2 and 3
1, 2, and 4
1, 3 and 4
2, 3, and 4

1, 2 and 3

Which of the following exudates contains pus?

Hemorrhagic exudate
Inflammatory exudate
Purulent exudate
Serous exudate

Purulent exudate

Which of the following is the most common form of aplasia?

Absence of the fibula
Extreme curvature of the radius
Presence of an extra finger
Underdevelopment of the humerus

Absence of the fibula

Which of the following is a genetic disease characterized by the presence of an extra chromosome?

Cleft Palate
Cystic Fibrosis
Down Syndrome
Vascular Nevus

Down Syndrome

During what range of age do most SIDS deaths occur?

One and Three Weeks
One and Two Months
Two and Four Months
Two and Three Years

Two and Four Months

Which of the following refers to the underdevelopment of a tissue, organ or the body?

Amelia
Aplasia
Hypoplasia
Malformation

Hypoplasia

Which of the following is the most severe form of spina bifida?

Congenital
Meningocele
Myelomeningocele
Occulta

Myelomeningocele

Which of the following are examples of compensatory hyperplasia?

A decrease in the size of inflamed nasal tissues after an allergic reaction to pollen.
Increase in the size of the cells surrounding a laceration on the palm of the hand.
Increase in the size of the left leg after fracturing a bone in the right leg.
Increase in the size of the lungs after moving form New Orleans, Louisiana to the less oxygenated air of Denver, Colorado

1 and 2
1 and 3
2 and 3
3 and 4

3 and 4

Which of the following are examples of pathological hypertrophy?

An increase in the size of cardiac muscle cells after a heart attack.
An increase in the size of cells in a damaged areas of the right kidney.
An increase in the size of the left kidney after damage to the right kidney.
An increase in upper body muscle in someone with paralysis of the legs.

1 and 2
1 and 3
2 and 4
3 and 4

1 and 2

Which of the following is characterized by cellular swelling, changes in the nature of cellular proteins and the breakdown of cellular organelles in dead cells?

Autolysis
Dry gangrene
Necrosis
Pathogenesis

Autolysis

Which of the following is a form of necrosis in which a cheeselike substance is located at the center of an area of pink necrosis surrounded by inflammatory granules?

Caseous necrosis
Gas gangrene
Ischemic necrosis
Wet gangrene

Caseous necrosis

Which of the following is not a potential cause of cellular injury?

Changes in osmotic pressure
Homeostasis
Hypoxia
Immunological reactions

Homeostasis

Which of the following describes a disease characterized by a sudden onset with a relatively short duration?

Acute
Chronic
Fulminating
Recurrent

Acute

Which of the following terms is used to describe a disease continuously present in a community?

Endemic
Epidemic
Pandemic
Sporadic

Endemic

Which of the following terms best describes this statement: “In 1997, 61.8 people per 100,000 died of stroke in the United States?”

Epidemic
Fulminating disease
Morbidity Rate
Mortality Rate

Mortality Rate

Which of the following is not a predisposing condition of disease?

Age
Deficiencies
Race
Sex

Deficiencies

Which of the following is not a cause of disease?

Chemical agents
Deficiencies
Infectious agents
Economic status

Economic status

Of the following weapons, which would be least likely to leave an exit wound?

High-caliber hunting rifle
High-caliber military rifle
Low-caliber target pistol
Shotgun

Low-caliber target pistol

Which of the following is the study of microscopic changes that cells, tissues and organs undergo as a result of disease?

Clinical Pathology
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Surgical Pathology

Histopathology

In cases of motor vehicle deaths, why is it important to be more cautious than usual concerning the deceased’s head during embalming?

Glass shards and other foreign debris that might cause injury to the embalmer may not be obvious because they may be covered by the hair.
The absence of bruising and other obvious trauma does not preclude the presence of skull fractures that may lead to swelling during arterial injection.
The accident may have caused bruising to the face.
The accident may have caused lacerations to the scalp that are not obvious because thay may be covered by the hair.

1, 2, and 3
2, 3, and 4
1, 2, and 4
1, 2, 3, and 4

1, 2, and 4

Which of the following is not a benefit of an autopsy?

A) Autopsies advance medical knowledge and research
B) Autopsies assist in medico-legal cases to determine identification of the deceased and the cause and manner of death
C) Autopsies confirm or alter clinical diagnosis and treatment
D) Autopsies describe the progression of the death struggle

D) Autopsies describe the progression of the death struggle

According to the rule of nines, what percentage of the body is burned if the burn covers the entire chest and abdomen?

9%
15%
18%
27%

18%

What is the study of the nature and cause of disease, which involves changes in structure and function?

Histology
Pathology
Physiology
Psychology

Pathology

What is a pathological condition of the body that presents a group of clinical signs and symptoms and laboratory findings peculiar to it and that sets the condition apart as an abnormal entity differing from other normal pathological body states?

Acute condition
Chronic condition
Disease
Lesion

Disease

What is a deterioration or impairment of an organ?

Aging
Degeneration
Heredity
Infiltration

Degeneration

A deformity, abnormal shape or structure, especially a congenital abnormality is called a(n):

Atrophy
Degeneration
Hypertrophy
Malformation

Malformation

Tissue reaction to injury is called:

Atrophy
Hypertrophy
Inflammation
Regeneration

Inflammation

What is a local or generalized condition in which the body tissues contain an excessive amount of tissue fluid?

Edema
Gangrene
Hyperemia
Ischemia

Edema

A new and abnormal formation of tissue growth is a(n):

Ecchymosis
Ischemia
Neoplasm
Petechia

Neoplasm

What is an increase in the number of leukocytes in blood and generally caused by the presence of infection and usually transient?

Anemia
Leukemia
Leukocytosis
Leukopenia

Leukocytosis

What is inflammation of the lining membrane of the heart called?

Endocarditis
Ischemia
Myocarditis
Pericarditis

Endocarditis

What is inflammation of the mouth?

Arteritis
Enteritis
Gastritis
Stomatitis

Stomatitis

What is inflammation of the nasal mucosa?

Bronchitis
Rhinitis
Sinusitis
Tracheitis

Rhinitis

What is diminished amount of urine called?

Albuminuria
Anuria
Oliguria
Pyuria

Oliguria

A loss of function, either partial or complete, resulting from a a blow or fall is termed:

Concussion
Contusion
Hemorrhage
Laceration

Concussion

What is inflammation of the uterus?

Endocervicitis
Endometritis
Oophoritis
Salpingitis

Endometritis

What is inflammation of the testis due to trauma, metastasis, mumps or infection elsewhere in the body?

Arthritis
Oophoritis
Orchitis
Prostatitis

Orchitis

A general term for describing any disease process that results in reduction in the mass of bone per unit of volume is:

Arthritis
Bursitis
Osteomyelitis
Osteoporosis

Osteoporosis

What is a general term used for diseases characterized by excessive urination?

Bursitis
Diabetes
Orchitis
Peealotitis

Diabetes

What is a disease that begins before birth and is evident at the time of birth?

Acquired
Chronic
Congenital
Idiopathic

Congenital

Which of the following is a sudden increase in the severity of a disease?

Crisis
Complication
Exacerbation
Remission

Exacerbation

Anasarca and hydrothorax are similar in that both:

are characterized by pyrexia
are congenital deformities
are purulent conditions
involve tissue fluids

involve tissue fluids

What is any increase in red blood cells?

Erythrocytosis
Leucocytosis
Pleomastia
Plethora

Erythrocytosis

What is an inflammatory condition related to the nervous system?

Encephalosclerosis
General Paresis
Hydronephrosis
Purperal Sepsis

General Paresis

Excessive production of urine is know as what?

Anuria
Hematuria
Hematosepsis
Polyuria

Polyuria

What is a malignant tumor derived principally from connective tissue?

Carcinoma
Leukemia
Myoma
Sarcoma

Sarcoma

Which of the following conditions would be caused by a thrombus as evidenced during embalming?

Atrophy
Edema
Diminished distribution
Intravascular resistance

1 and 3
1 and 4
2 and 4
3 and 4

3 and 4

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