Thalamus and Hypothalamus Flashcards
suprachiasmatic nucleus of hypothalamus
*transduces the light-dark cycle established by the sun to neural signals
*input from retina
*output via several hypothalamic nuclei
*increased activity of the suprachiasmatic nuclei INHIBITS melatonin production by the pineal gland via ANS
what hormones modulate the hypothalamic control of eating
1) ghrelin
2) leptin
ghrelin
*hormone from stomach that stimulates hunger
leptin
*long-term hormone secreted by fat that leads to decreased hunger and increased satiety (tells you when you are full)
posterior pituitary
*contains axon terminals
*hormones synthesized by the hypothalamus are stored in the posterior pituitary and released directly into blood supply
*ADH and oxytocin
anterior pituitary
*contains cells that synthesize hormones
*activated by hypothalamic releasing hormones
*releases “tropic” hormones that act on glands and tissues (FLAT PeG hormones)
*FSH, LH, ACTH, TSH, prolactin, GH
ACTH physiological effect
response to stress
TSH physiological effects
modulates metabolism
GH physiological effects
promotes growth
prolactin physiological effects
milk let down
FSH physiological effects
spermatogenesis
follicle growth/ovulation
LH physiological effects
egg release/ovulation
spermatogenesis
VPL (of thalamus) information
all sensory information (pain, temperature, touch, proprioception, vibration)
VPL (of thalamus) input
spinothalamic and dorsal column/medial lemniscus tracts
VPL (of thalamus) output
somatosensory cortex
VPM (of thalamus) information
sensory information from face
taste
VPM (of thalamus) input
trigeminal nerve
gustatory fibers
VPM (of thalamus) output
somatosensory cortex