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Neuro Exam 1 > Cerebellum > Flashcards

Cerebellum Flashcards

1
Q

location of cerebellum

A

sits in the dorsal aspect of the brainstem and forms the roof of the fourth ventricle

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2
Q

rostral to caudal organization & functions of cerebellum

A

1) anterior lobe (motor coordination)
2) posterior lobe (motor coordination = medial; motor planning = lateral)
3) flocculonodular lobe (vestibular, balance, and eye movements)

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3
Q

medial to lateral organization and function of cerebellum

A

1) vermis (midline) - motor coordination (rostral) and limbic function (caudal)
2) paravermis - motor coordination
3) lateral hemispheres - motor planning

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4
Q

functional terms for cerebellar organization

A

1) vestibulocerebellum
2) spinocerebellum
3) neocerebellum

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5
Q

vestibulocerebellum

A

*flocculonodular lobe
*coordinates balance, posture, and eye movements

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6
Q

spinocerebellum

A

*anterior lobe, vermis, & paravermis
*responsible for muscular coordination

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7
Q

neocerebellum

A

*lateral hemispheres
*responsible for movement planning and cognitive functions

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8
Q

lateral hemispheres of cerebellum - function and motor pathway influenced

A

*functions: motor planning for extremities
*motor pathway influenced: lateral corticospinal tract

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9
Q

intermediate hemispheres - function and motor pathway influenced

A

*function: distal limb coordination
*motor pathway influenced: lateral corticospinal tract and rubrospinal tract

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10
Q

vermis - function and motor pathway influenced

A

*function: proximal limb and trunk coordination
*motor pathways influenced: anterior corticospinal tract, vestibulospinal tract, and tectospinal tract

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11
Q

flocculonodular lobe - function and motor pathway influenced

A

*function: balance and vestibulo-ocular reflexes
*motor pathways influenced: medial longitudinal fasciculus

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12
Q

the cerebellum coordinates movements of which side of the body

A

IPSILATERAL SIDE (cerebellum decussates to contralateral cortex, which then decussates again to the contralateral body, thus affecting ipsilateral body)

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13
Q

classic cerebellar symptoms

A

1) delay in the initiation of movement
2) ataxia (intention tremor, dysmetria, dysdiadochokinesia)
3) hypotonia
4) unsteady gait

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14
Q

classic sign of ANY cerebellar lesion

A

cerebellar ataxia (loss of balance & wide-based gait)

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15
Q

dysmetria

A

*classic sign of cerebellar disorder
*loss of coordinated movement (example: inability to perform finger-to-nose test)

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16
Q

intention tremor

A

*classic sign of cerebellar disorder
*can’t get hand to target/tremor starts as you approach the target

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17
Q

dysdiadochokinesia

A

*classic sign of cerebellar disorder
*can’t make movements exhibiting a rapid change of motion (example, flipping hand in palm)
*indicates an issue with the spinocerebellum (coordination of movements)

18
Q

3 layers of cerebellar cortex

A

1) granule cell layer (innermost)
2) purkinje cell layer (middle)
3) molecular layer (outermost)

19
Q

inputs to the cerebellum are derived from what types of fibers

A

1) mossy fibers
2) climbing fibers

20
Q

climbing fibers

A

arise from contralateral inferior olivary nucleus, wrapping the purkinje cell body and proximal dendrite

21
Q

mossy fibers

A

all cerebellar inputs (other than those from the inferior olive); synapse on granule cells

22
Q

important cell types found within the cerebellum

A

1) purkinje fibers
2) deep nuclei

23
Q

purkinje fibers

A

*cerebellar neurons that receive numerous inputs
*project to deep nuclei
*INHIBITORY: release GABA onto the deep nuclei

24
Q

deep cerebellar nuclei

A

*cells that send projections OUT OF the cerebellum to thalamus, red nucleus, vestibular nuclei, etc

25
Q

4 important spinal cord fiber tracts that relay info about the limbs to the cerebellum

A
  1. cuneocerebellar
  2. posterior (dorsal) spinocerebellar
  3. rostral spinocerebellar
  4. anterior (ventral) spinocerebellar
26
Q

cuneocerebellar tract

A

relays real time information about UPPER LIMB movements

27
Q

posterior (dorsal) spinocerebellar tract

A

relays real time information about LOWER LIMB movements

28
Q

rostral spinocerebellar tract

A

reflects activity about spinal cord interneurons of UPPER limb

29
Q

anterior (ventral) spinocerebellar tract

A

reflects activity about spinal cord interneurons of LOWER limb

30
Q

4 deep cerebellar nuclei

A

1) dentate nucleus (lateral-most)
2/3) interposed nuclei: globus and emboliform
4) fastigial nucleus (medial)

31
Q

inferior cerebellar peduncles

A

*input to cerebellum, from:
-spinal cord
-brainstem
-vestibular nuclei
-inferior olive

32
Q

middle cerebellar peduncle

A

*input to cerebellum from PONS

33
Q

superior cerebellar peduncle

A

*output from cerebellum
*carries efferents to the brainstem and the ventrolateral thalamus (VL is the relay to primary motor cortex)

34
Q

tremors

A

repetitive, oscillating movements

35
Q

resting tremors - structural association?

A

basal nuclei dysfunction

36
Q

intention tremors - structural association?

A

cerebellum dysfunction

37
Q

essential tremor - structural association?

A

possibly inferior olive dysfunction

38
Q

symptoms of upper motor neuron damage

A

-paralysis or paresis
-loss of fine movement
-evolves to spasticity
*increased muscle tone
*hyperreflexia
*babinski sign

39
Q

symptoms of lower motor neuron damage

A

-paralysis or paresis
-hyporeflexia
-loss of muscle tone
-fasciculation and fibrillation
-muscle atrophy

40
Q

symptoms of cerebellar damage

A

*ataxia
-hypotonia
-intention tremor
-balance and gait
-brainstem signs
-nystagmus

41
Q

symptoms of basal nuclei damage

A

-dyskinesia
-rigidity
-resting tremor
-gait and dyskinesia
-no brainstem signs
-symptoms get worse

Neuro Exam 1 (22 decks)

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