textual variations and representations

Question 1

what are the 5 sub-features of context within the analysis of the text’s

Answer 1

1. genre
2. mode
3. audience
4. purpose
5. time

Question 2

audience

Answer 2

difined by values and interests as well as demographic features such as age, gender, eduaction, social class, occupation and national origin

Question 3

purpose

Answer 3

exclusively informational, while others are entirely social. most will have elements of both

Question 4

genre

Answer 4

texts can be grouped according to their type (adverts, letters, newspaper article)

Question 5

mode

Answer 5

wether a text is spoken or written. MOST are blended

Question 6

what are features of written texts

Answer 6

• planned
• formal (low fequency lexis)
• standard (gramatically correct)
• referential (purely informative)
• permanant
• delayed (can read at anytime after written)

Question 7

what are features of spoken texts

Answer 7

• unplanned
• informal
• non-standard (slang)
• interactive (social function, to build relationships)
• temporary (only retained in the memory)
• immediate

Question 8

what are some evidence for informality

Answer 8

• non-standard grammar (we was down the road)
• slang (bare, peak)
• colloquialism (standard but informal, knackared or telly)
• elision (missing out sounds, gonna)
• ellipsis (missing out words)

Question 9

what would be some internal/external changes to language

Answer 9

influences from the outside-
* immigration
* globalisation
* changes in value
* technology

Question 10

what are some non-fluency features- suggesting the text is unplanned

Answer 10

• false start- correcting ones self
• filler- (like, you know)
• timed pauses
• filled pause (errr ummm)
• hedge- softens a request (kind of, possibly, maybe)

Question 11

what are some features that would reflect the speakers status, or interest and knowledge of the conversation (structure of conversation)

Answer 11

• topic shift
• discourse marker (anyway, so)
• tag question
• interruption
• overlap
• backchanneling (feedback offered)
• 3 part exchange (3 linked utterances- question/answer/feedback)

Question 12

implied meanings

Answer 12

where you have to read between the lines to get an underlying meaning

Question 13

synthetic personalisation

Answer 13

making it seem as if text recievers are being addressed as individuals rather than as a mass

Question 14

grammatical patterning

Answer 14

same or similar grammatical structures are used frequently

Question 15

discourse marker

Answer 15

words, phrases or clauses help organise what we say or write (ok, so, as i was saying)

Question 16

hegemony

Answer 16

how one social group can use language to get other people to accept its way of accepting attitudes and points of view convenient for them

Question 17

pejorative term

Answer 17

a judgemental term that usually implies disapproval or criticism