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UTS - New Testament Survey, Pt 1 > Textual Criticism, Canon, and Historical-Critical Method > Flashcards

Textual Criticism, Canon, and Historical-Critical Method Flashcards

1
Q

What is another name for the accepted works of scripture inspired by God?

A

Canon

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2
Q

What is a codex?

A

A set of bound pages; an early form of a book

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3
Q

What was the most common form of writing material in the first century?

A

Papyrus

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4
Q

What is papyrus?

A

A writing material made from the reed plant of the same name.

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5
Q

What is an amanuensis?

A

A scribe who writes something that is dictated or writes something given an outline.

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6
Q

What are variants?

A

All the different versions we have of the copies of written works, with deliberate or accidental changes.

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7
Q

What is the Vulgate?

A

An early translation of the New Testament into Latin.

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8
Q

Who wrote the Vulgate?

A

Jerome

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9
Q

During what century was the Vulage written?

A

4th

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10
Q

What is a lectionary?

A

A collection of Bible passages used in church liturgies.

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11
Q

Which early heretic taught that there were separate Gods in the Old and New Testaments?

A

Marcion

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12
Q

What did Marcion want to exclude from the canon?

A

Anything that was too Jewish

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13
Q

Who were the Monatists?

A

A movement that taught the millennium was coming soon in Asia Minor and who claimed new revelations from God.

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14
Q

Did the Monatists want to add or subtract to the canon?

A

Add; they claimed ongoing revelations from God

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15
Q

What was the Muratorian Fragment?

A

A list of the books allowed to be used in the church service

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16
Q

When is the Muratorian Fragment dated to?

A

End of the 2nd century

17
Q

Why is Athanasius significant for the canon?

A

His Easter Letter enumerates the 27 books of the NT that were accepted as something that should be used

18
Q

Describe the process of textual criticism.

A
  • Look at all the variants in their time and geographical context
  • Constructing genealogy back to the original autograph
19
Q

What is the benefit of textual criticism?

A

Increases the certainty that we know the original inspired words

20
Q

How reliably established is the text of the NT?

A
  • Roughly 5300 copies of NT
  • Compared to <= 10 of Caesar or Plato’s writing
  • Only a few hundred years between original writing and earliest copies (compared to closer to a thousand)
21
Q

When making textual criticism decisions, which criteria are usually preferred?

A
  • Older over younger
  • Best copied
  • Best fits with other readings
  • Is the most difficult
  • Is shorter
22
Q

What is the canon?

A

Books accepted by the church as God-inspired Scripture to be used as the basis for belief and Christian conduct

23
Q

What were the criteria used to evaluate whether something should be considered canon?

A
  • Recognized - read and preached on
  • Especially churches founded by apostles recognized it
  • Written by apostle or one of their associates, during apostolic time period
  • Affirmed by Christ (OT)
  • Doctrine in line with other recognized canonical works
24
Q

How can the presuppositions of historical critical method be evaluated?

A
  • Whether internally contradictory

- Whether devalue the text

25
Q

How can one be critical and still maintain a high view of Scripture?

A
  • Value Scripture by taking a high view of the text and give the benefit of the doubt
  • Use thinking and reasoning to justify conclusions
  • Take an approach that accommodates and evaluates the texts claims of supernaturality
  • Use all available data about the text
26
Q

How is historical critical method useful to a believer?

A
  • Points out interesting observations
  • Reminder to understand the original context
  • Offers useful questions to ask
27
Q

What was Hellenistic philosophy like?

A
  • Individualistic

- Highly concerned with ethics

28
Q

Give examples of Hellenistic philosophy being individualistic.

A
  • Epicureanism believed goal is to achieve personal happiness
  • Stoicism is accepting individual fate
29
Q

Give examples of Hellenistic philosophy being concerned with ethics.

A

Cynics modeled a life of austerity

30
Q

What were Hellenistic religions like?

A
  • Longing for unity
  • Concern with the individual
  • Desire for salvation
  • Superstitious and concerned with magic and mysteries
31
Q

How did Hellenistic religions demonstrate a longing for unity?

A

Assumption that different cultures’ high gods were one and the same

32
Q

How did Hellenistic religions demonstrate a concern with the individual?

A
  • Sacrificing for the good of the individual rather than the state
  • Concerned with individual salvation
33
Q

How did Hellenistic religions demonstrate a desire for salvation?

A
  • Looking for some communion in life of an eternal god

- Wanting the gods to share their power

UTS - New Testament Survey, Pt 1 (6 decks)

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