History, Pt 2 Flashcards
Who were the Hasidim?
Pious common people who fought against the two aristocratic parties and the Hellenistic changes.
How did Antiochus Epiphanes IV incite a rebellion?
He looted the temple treasury to fund his Egypt campaign
Who changed Jerusalem’s status to a katoikia?
Antiochus Epiphanes IV
What was the significance of changing Jerusalem’s status to a katoikia?
Gentiles could now vote on reforms and even change temple practices
Which kingdom was Antiochus Epiphanes IV part of?
The Seleucids
Under which ruler were the Jews persecuted?
Antiochus Epiphanes IV
Why did Antiochus Epiphanes IV persecute the Jews?
He reasoned that the rebellion had come from pious Jews and so the religion needed to be outlawed.
What was the abomination of the desolation?
Something the Seleucids put in the Jewish temple during the persecution.
Whose actions began the Maccabean Revolt?
Mattathias
What did Mattathias do?
He killed an officer trying to enforce pagan worship.
What does Hanukkah commemorate?
The rededication of the temple after the Maccabean revolt.
Who lead the Maccabean Revolt?
First Mattathias and then his son Judas
What year was the temple rededicated after the Maccabean Revolt?
164 BC
Which son of Mattathias succeeded in being recognized by the Seleucid king as an independent ruler of Jerusalem?
Simon
Which leader of the Maccabean Revolt oversaw the rededication of the temple?
Judas Maccabeus
Which dynasty (beginning with Simon) ruled a newly independent Jerusalem?
Hasmoneans
Who succeeded Simon as ruler of Jerusalem?
John Hyrcanus
Which dynasty was John Hyrcanus part of?
Hasmonean
What was John Hyrcanus known for?
Expanding his territory and trying to force people to be Jewish
Which dynasty was Simon part of?
Hasmonean
Which dynasty was Alexander Jannaeus part of?
Hasmonean
Who succeeded John Hyrcanus?
Alexander Janneaus
Which Hasmonean first endured much conflict with the Pharisees?
Alexander Janneaus
Which Roman governor did two fighting Hasmonean brothers appeal to for help against each other?
Pompey
Who turned Jerusalem into a Roman province and began the diaspora?
Pompey
Who united the Roman Republic?
Julius Caesar
Who succeeded Julius Caesar and became the first emperor of Rome?
Augustus
Who set the Roman Republic up to become the Roman Empire?
Julius Caesar
Who established the Roman Empire?
Augustus
Who succeeded August to become second emperor of Rome?
Tiberius
Who was emperor of Rome during Jesus’s ministry and death?
Tiberius
Who was Quirinius?
A Roman prefect
What position did Pontius Pilate hold?
Roman prefect
Who founded Caesarea Maritima?
Herod the Great
Who killed the last Hasmonean?
Herod the Great
What construction projects was Herod the Great known for?
- Founding Caesarea Maritima
- Rebuilding the temple
Name Herod the Great’s three sons who succeeded him.
Archelaus
Herod Philip
Herod Antipas
